نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسنده

• اکرم افسای

استادیار، گروه حسابداری، دانشکدگان فارابی، دانشگاه تهران، قم، ایران

چکیده

هدف این مطالعه بررسی رابطه بین تخصص مالی و تجربه رئیس کمیته حسابرسی با انتخاب حسابرس، حق الزحمه حسابرسی و کیفیت حسابرسی است. به منظور دستیابی به هدف پژوهش، نمونه‌ای برابر با 99 شرکت پذیرفته شده در بورس اوراق بهادار تهران طی بازه زمانی 1394 تا 1401 معادل 792 سال-شرکت، با استفاده از تحلیل رگرسیون چندگانه مبتنی بر داده‌های ترکیبی مورد بررسی قرارگرفت. یافته-ها نشان داد شرکت‌هایی که رؤسای کمیته حسابرسی آنها دارای تخصص مالی هستند، احتمال اینکه سازمان حسابرسی و موسسات حسابرسی دارای امتیاز کنترل کیفیت الف را به عنوان حسابرس مستقل خود انتخاب نمایند، بیشتر است. همچنین، مطابق با یافته‌ها، تخصص مالی رؤسای کمیته حسابرسی منجر به افزایش حق‌الزحمه حسابرسی و کیفیت حسابرسی می‌شود. با این حال این مطالعه رابطه معناداری بین تجربه رئیس کمیته حسابرسی با انتخاب حسابرس و حق‌الزحمه حسابرسی شناسایی نکرد، اما رابطه بین تجربه رئیس کمیته حسابرسی بر کیفیت حسابرسی مثبت و معنادار شناسایی شد. یافته‌های این مطالعه با مستند کردن اینکه تخصص مالی و تجربه رؤسای کمیته حسابرسی برای ارتقاء فرآیند حسابرسی و کیفیت حسابرسی حائز اهمیت است، به ادبیات کمک می‌نماید.

کلیدواژه‌ها

• رئیس کمیته حسابرسی
• حق‌الزحمه حسابرسی
• کیفیت حسابرسی
• انتخاب حسابرس
• تخصص مالی

موضوعات

• حسابداری وجنبه های مختلف مالی
• حسابرسی مالی
• کیفیت حسابرسی

عنوان مقاله [English]

The Effect of Financial Expertise and Experience of the Audit Committee Chair on Auditor Selection, Audit Fees, and Audit Quality

نویسنده [English]

• Akram Afsay

Assistant Professor, Accounting Dep, Farabi Colleges, University of Tehran, Qom, Iran.

چکیده [English]

The purpose of this study is to examine the relationship between financial expertise and the experience of the audit committee chairman with auditor selection, audit fees, and audit quality. To achieve the research goal, a sample equal to 99 companies listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange during the period from 2015 to 2023, equivalent to 792 company-years, was analyzed using multiple regression analysis based on combined data. The findings showed that the companies whose heads of the audit committee possess financial expertise are more likely to choose the Audit Organization or audit institutions with quality control ‘A’ as their independent auditors. Also, according to the findings, the financial expertise of audit committee heads leads to an increase in audit fees and audit quality. However, this study did not identify a significant relationship between the audit committee chairman's experience with auditor selection and audit fees, but a positive and significant relationship between the audit committee chairman's experience and audit quality was identified. The findings of this study contribute to the literature by documenting that financial expertise and experience of audit committee heads are important for improving the audit process and audit quality.
­1. Introduction
In recent years, the significant impact of the audit committee on the effectiveness of the audit process has been confirmed by various researchers (Azizkhani et al., 2023). The chairman of the audit committee is considered the chief executive officer of the audit committee (Ernst & Young, 2013). It is necessary for the chairman of the audit committee, as a leader, to understand the culture of the organization, set clear expectations for the committee members, and consider both management and auditors in their decisions. The chairman of the audit committee, who is more responsible than other members of the committee, plays a vital role in controlling financial reporting and evaluating the effectiveness of the audit committee (Bromilo & Keeler, 2011). The chairman of the audit committee plays a key role in ensuring the quality of financial reports through cooperation with the members of the audit committee, setting the agenda of the committee, communicating with the board of directors, management, and independent auditors, and helping to select the members of the audit committee (Azizkhani et al., 2023). In Iran, the audit committee is one of the basic committees of a company. In 2013, the Securities and Exchange Organization required all listed companies to form an audit committee. This committee is responsible for supervising the work of internal and independent auditors, proposing independent auditors to the general meeting of shareholders for the purpose of appointing, determining the fees, and dismissing independent auditors, reviewing the frequency of audits, receiving audit reports, and ensuring that corrective actions are taken in a timely and correct manner. It is the responsibility of management to address weaknesses and shortcomings, non-compliance with policies, laws, and regulations, and resolve other problems identified by the auditors (Nazari et al., 2019).

Methodology

The present research is a descriptive, correlational study in terms of its applied purpose and the relationship between variables. The data and information used are historical and post-event. The statistical population of this research includes all the companies listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange. The statistical sample of the research comprises all the companies that were active in the stock market from the beginning of 2015 to the end of 2023 and meet the following conditions: 1. Their membership in the Tehran Stock Exchange must have continued throughout the research period. 2. The data needed for the research must have been available to them during the research period. 3. They must not belong to investment, financial mediation, holding, bank, or leasing companies. 4. The end of the financial year for these companies should not have changed during the research period and must coincide with the end of March. Finally, after applying the above conditions, 99 companies (equivalent to 792 company-years) were selected as the statistical sample. To collect the data, the database of Rahavard Novin and the reports published on Codal were used. Research hypotheses were tested based on combined data and using multivariate regression models.

Result

In this study, the effect of financial expertise and the experience of the head of the audit committee on auditor selection, audit fees, and audit quality was investigated. The findings indicate that the heads of the audit committee who possess accounting and financial expertise are more likely to choose a first-rate auditor (The Audit Organization or audit institutions with a quality rating of ‘A’) as an independent auditor. Additionally, audit committee heads with accounting and financial expertise tend to pay higher audit fees and enhance audit quality. These findings are consistent with the results of studies by Azizkhani et al. (2023), Lari Dasht Beyaz et al. (2017), and Ghafaran and Yasman (2018). Therefore, the accounting and financial expertise of the head of the audit committee, as an important and influential factor in the audit process, should receive attention from supervisory and legislative institutions. Due to its significance, it should become a legal requirement for companies listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange.

Conclusion

Although the accounting and financial expertise of the head of the audit committee was identified as an influencing factor in the selection of the auditor and the audit fee, the results of this study showed that the greater experience of the heads of the audit committee does not lead to the selection of a first-class independent auditor and does not significantly affect the audit fee. This finding is not compatible with the results of the studies by Elsayani et al. (2023) and Lari Dasht Beyaz et al. (2017). However, the findings indicate that the greater experience of the heads of the audit committee increases the quality of the audit, which is consistent with the findings of the study by Azizkhani et al (2023). These results indicate that the accounting and financial expertise of the head of the audit committee, as an internationally proven factor, demonstrates the expected performance in companies listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange. However, the experience of the head of the audit committee is not as effective as accounting and financial expertise. In this regard, it may be possible to attribute the weak role of audit committee heads in the selection of auditors and audit fees in our country as a reason for this lack of influence. It is expected that with the passage of time and future legal and regulatory reforms, audit committees will become more efficient and effective, and their heads will play a greater role in improving the audit process.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

• Audit Committee Chair
• Audit Fee
• Audit Quality
• Auditor Selection
• Financial Expertise