نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکتری، گروه حسابداری، واحد قم، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، قم، ایران

2 گروه حسابداری، واحد قم، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، قم، ایران

3 گروه حسابداری، واحد قم، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، قم، ایران.

10.22054/qjma.2025.81558.2607

چکیده

این مطالعه به دنبال ارائه‌ی چارچوبِ زمینه‌های تسهیل فرآیندهای پیاده‌سازی توکنیزاسیون در بستر پلتفرم حسابداری ابری و ارزیابی زمینه‌های محوری و گزاره‌ای آن در سطح شرکت‌های بازار سرمایه می‌باشد. به لحاظ روش شناسی این مطالعه ترکیبی است که براساس رویکرد اکتشافی و توسعه‌ای تلاش نموده است تا در بخش کیفی اقدام به شناسایی زمینه‌های تسهیل فرآیندهای پیاده‌سازی توکنیزاسیون در بستر پلتفرم حسابداری ابری نماید. سپس با انجام تحلیل دلفی نسبت به ارزیابی حد اجماع نظری مبنی بر تعمیم مولفه‌های محوری و مضامین گزاره‌ای به بستر مطالعه اقدام شد تا پس از آن امکان تعمیم مضامین و مولفه‌های محوری به بستر مطالعه مقدور باشد و از طریق تحلیل شبکه‌ای فازی اولاً اثرگذارترین مولفه و ثانیاً مهمترین مضمون گزاره‌ای در سطح شرکت‌های بازار سرمایه انتخاب شوند. نتایج در بخش کیفی طی 12 مصاحبه و ایجاد 284 کد باز، حکایت از شناسایی سه مقوله؛ شش مولفه و سی و یک مضمون گزاره‌ای دارد. سپس از طریق تحلیل دلفی، شش مضمون گزاره‌ای طی دو راند حذف شدند و مجموعاً بیست و پنج مضمون گزاره‌ای به همراه شش مولفه‌ی محوری، برای تحلیل شبکه‌ای فازی مورد استفاده قرار گرفتند. نتایج تحلیل شبکه‌ای فازی اولاً مشخص شد، دو مولفه‌ی پشتیبانی امنیتی و پشتیبانی سایبری در پیاده‌سازی توکنیزاسیون جهت اثربخشی بالاتر در ارتقاء امنیت حساب‌های ابری شرکت‌های بازار سرمایه از اثرگذاری بالاتری برخوردار می‌باشند. ثانیاً مشخص شد تعریف امضای دیجیتال برای هریک از کاربران جهتِ امنیت‌سازی حساب‌های ابریو تعریف احرازِ هویت کاربران جهتِ امنیت‌سازی حساب‌های ابری مهمترین مضامین گزاره‌ای در این رابطه تلقی می‌شوند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Providing a Framework for Facilitating Tokenization Implementation Processes in the Cloud Accounting Platform

نویسندگان [English]

  • Amir Hajizadeh Amini 1
  • Seyd Abbas Borhani 2
  • Mojgan Safa 3

1 PhD student, Department of Accounting, Qom Branch, Islamic Azad University, Qom, Iran

2 Department of Accounting, Qo.C., Islamic Azad University, Qom, Iran

3 Department of Accounting, Qom Branch, Islamic Azad University, Qom, Iran.

چکیده [English]

This study seeks to provide a framework for facilitating tokenization implementation processes in the context of cloud accounting platforms and to evaluate its core and propositional contexts at the level of capital market companies. In terms of methodology, this study combines exploratory and developmental approaches and, in the qualitative part, aims to identify areas that facilitate the processes of implementing tokenization in cloud accounting platforms. The qualitative results derived from 12 interviews and the creation of 284 open codes indicate the identification of three categories with six components and thirty-one propositional themes. Then, through Delphi analysis, six propositional themes were eliminated in two rounds, leaving a total of twenty-five propositional themes along with six core components for fuzzy network analysis. The results of the fuzzy network analysis first showed that the two components of security support and cyber support are more effective in implementing tokenization to improve the security of cloud accounts of capital market companies. Second, it was found that defining a digital signature for each user to secure cloud accounts and defining user authentication to secure cloud accounts are considered the most important propositional themes in this regard.

Introduction

The increasing changes in the world of communication and information have significantly transformed the functional systems of accounting knowledge compared to the past and have become part of companies’ business strategies in exchanging information with stakeholders. The extent of these changes has led the accounting profession to consider more comprehensive aspects of reflecting information to stakeholders by modifying its functional infrastructure in information disclosure, while still maintaining its classic practices. In this way, these changes have reduced the costs of comparing financial statements for information users and have improved the quality of financial decisions, both by accelerating the receipt and analysis of information and by enhancing the allocation of competitive resources.
 

Literature Review

Cloud accounting is a type of cloud computing program designed specifically for processing financial data. It can shorten financial procedures through a system that enables the processing, storage, and feedback of financial functions to stakeholders at a higher speed than in the past. These services are provided to information users online and through remote servers by companies and accounting units. On the other hand, cloud accounting can also be regarded as a form of data mining and data storage that, through online or web-based reporting, improves the quality of financial decisions by providing more reliable information disclosure. Cloud accounting typically includes a set of applications that allow information users to access data more quickly and conveniently through the Internet.
 

Methodologhy

In this study, the methodology is a so-called multi-method approach to implementing the research objectives. The data collection methods are diverse and combine both qualitative and quantitative tools. The qualitative methodological process uses interviews, while the quantitative methodological process relies on fuzzy checklists. In terms of the philosophical nature of the study, it should be considered inductive-deductive. By relying on the inductive philosophy, the study seeks to identify the underlying dimensions that facilitate tokenization implementation processes in the context of cloud accounting platforms. On the other hand, the deductive philosophy supports the generalization of the central components and propositional themes to the study context, enabling the evaluation of the identified dimensions at the level of capital market companies. From an objective approach, it should be acknowledged that, due to the emerging nature of the phenomenon under study, this research is classified as exploratory. From a results perspective, the study should be considered developmental, as it attempts to create a more coherent understanding of this phenomenon in accounting knowledge by integrating a set of contextual factors that influence the facilitation of tokenization implementation processes in cloud accounting.
 

Result

Since the conceptual nature of tokenization is based on securing both physical and digital accounts, this study sought to identify the prerequisite functions required to facilitate its implementation processes in the context of a cloud accounting platform, using grounded theory analysis. Considering the emergence of theoretical saturation in the twelfth interview with research experts, 284 open codes were created. Based on axial and selective coding, three categories, six components, and thirty-one propositional themes were identified. These dimensions represent three general mechanisms that facilitate tokenization in enhancing the effectiveness of cloud accounting: management support, strategic/strategic support, and institutional/social support. Each refers to areas that can be addressed by allocating resources and providing professional training in a timely manner. First, professional operators can be prepared for the adoption of cloud accounting through both mental and professional empowerment, while resources are allocated for software and infrastructure development to improve the security of accounts. Second, internal supervisory units should provide security and cyber support to ensure users receive higher-quality, more secure financial information. Third, through institutional and social functions, upstream organizations should work toward the standardization and integration of companies' practices in using cloud accounting platforms by setting more specific requirements, thereby create a higher level of support for shareholders and other information users.
 

Discussion

This study seeks to provide a framework for facilitating tokenization implementation processes in the context of cloud accounting platforms and to evaluate its core and propositional contexts at the level of capital market companies. In interpreting the results, it should be noted that security support, as a foundation for facilitating tokenization and enhancing the effectiveness of cloud accounting functions, is considered both a structural and strategic approach to strengthening the cloud accounting platform against hacker intrusion. Based on the ranking of propositional themes, it was determined that accounting units using this platform need to maintain proper supervision over the registration of documents, payments, and receipts by designating operators with the ability to digitally sign, in order to prevent the hacking of companies' accounts and financial systems.
 

Conclusion

In line with the results obtained, strategists of leading companies using the effective functions of cloud accounting platforms are advised to develop the security and cyber capabilities of accounts beyond the tools currently defined in cloud computing.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Cloud Accounting Platform
  • Cybersecurity
  • Tokenization
  1. آشتیانی، مهرداد.، رستگاری، شفق. (1401). ارائه رویکردی برای استفاده بهینه از منابع با آگاهی از زمان پردازش درخواست‌ها در محیط‌های رایانش ابری، علوم رایانشی، 7(4): 32-44. https://csj.isi.org.ir/article_180789.html
  2. باقریان، مهدی. (1402). فن‌آوری (سیستم اطلاعاتی) و مهارت‌های تجزیه‌وتحلیل داده‌ها در برنامه درسی حسابداری، دانش حسابداری مالی، 10(3): 173-204. https://doi.org/10.30479/jfak.2023.19432.3131
  3. تجری، سکینه.، خوزین، علی.، اشرفی، مجید.، گرگانلی‌دوجی، جمادوردی. (1403). مدل‌سازی استراتژی‌های کاهش خطرات حسابداری ابری با رویکرد ساختاری-تفسیری، فصلنامه رشد فناوری، 19(77): 66-74. http://www.roshdefanavari.ir‌/Article/38622/FullText
  4. خدایاری، حمید.، ملکی‌اسکوئی، ملکی‌اسکوئی، ملک‌تاج.، مسلمی، آذر و همتی، حسن. (1403). چشم‌اندازهای پایداری حسابداری مدیریت استراتژیک ازنظر به‌کارگیری فناوری‌های مالی (فین‌تک). مطالعات تجربی حسابداری مالی، 21(83): 163-212. https://doi.org/10.22054/qjma.2024.79325.2557
  5. صراف، فاطمه.، بشارت‌پور، فاطمه.، علی‌اکبری، محمدامین. (1401). شناسایی عوامل مؤثر بر تصمیم برونسپاری حسابداری ابری با استفاده از معادلات ساختاری، نشریه قضاوت و تصمیم‌گیری در حسابداری، 1(3): 101-124. https://doi.org/‌10.30495/jdaa.2022.693175
  6. میراشرفی، امیرحسین. (1401). بررسی تأثیر تکنولوژی بلاکچین بر کاربرد توکن‌های بی‌همتا ( ) و سرمایه‌گذاری در آن‌ها، نشریه مطالعات نوین بانکی، 5(17): 7-27. https://doi.org/10.22108/jpom.2021.123858.1279
  7. نظری‌پور، محمد. (1403). شناسایی و تحلیل عوامل مؤثر بر قصد شرکت‌ها در به‌کارگیری سیستم‌های حسابداری دیجیتال، مطالعات تجربی حسابداری مالی، 21(84): 1-23. https://doi.org/10.22054/qjma.2024.80643.2586
  8. Al-Maliki, O., & Al-Assam, H. (2021). A tokenization technique for improving the security of EMV contactless cards. Information Security Journal: A Global Perspective, 31(5), 511-526. https://doi.org/10.1080/19393555.2021.2001120
  9. Arora, M. & Sharma, R.L. (2023). Artificial intelligence and big data: ontological and communicative perspectives in multi-sectoral scenarios of modern businesses, Foresight, 25(1), 126-143. https://doi.org/10.1108/FS-10-2021-0216
  10. Chugh, P. (2023). Leveraging Blockchain Technology in Adopting Digital Tokenization of Green Bonds. In Fostering Sustainable Development in the Age of Technologies (pp. 213-224), Emerald Publishing Limited. https://doi.org/10.1108/978-1-83753-060-120231015
  11. Dimitriu, O. & Matei, M. (2014). A New Paradigm for Accounting through Cloud Computing, Procedia Economics and Finance, 15(1), 840-846. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2212-5671(14)00541-3
  12. Dinçer, H., Bozaykut-Buk, T., Emir, Ş., Yuksel, S., & Ashill, N. (2020). Using the fuzzy multicriteria decision making approach to evaluate brand equity: a study of privatized firms. Journal of Product & Brand Management, 29(3), 335-354. https://doi.org/10.1108/JPBM-09-2018-2037
  13. Dutta, S. K. (2020). Tokenization, The Definitive Guide to Blockchain for Accounting and Business: Understanding the Revolutionary Technology, Emerald Publishing Limited, Leeds. https://doi.org/10.1108/978-1-78973-865-020201006
  14. El-Din Hassanien, H., & Elragal, A. (2014). Business Intelligence in Cloud Computing: A Tokenization Approach. In Proceedings of the 7th IADIS International Conference Information Systems, 339-344.
  15. Foglia, M., Maci, G., & Pacelli, V. (2024). FinTech and fan tokens: Understanding the risks spillover of digital asset investment. Research in International Business and Finance, 68(2), 372-391. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ribaf.2023.102190
  16. Gade, S., & Madhava Rao, K. (2022). Adoption of Cloud Computing to Accounting: Benefits and Challenges, 7th International Conference on Communication and Electronics Systems (ICCES), Coimbatore, India, 1652-1656. https://doi.org/10.1109/ICCES54183.2022.9835895
  17. Gartner Inc. (2017). Forecast: Public Cloud Services, Worldwide, 2(3): 56-98
  18. Gowda, B., & Gowda, A. K. (2024). A Literature Survey on Tokenization of Digital Art with NFT Marketplace. International Journal of Advanced Research in Science Communication and Technology, 3(2), 67-89. https://doi.org/10.48175/IJARSCT-15321
  19. He, Z., Peng, L., Han, H., Xu, M., Wang, G., Bao, X., Yu, H., Hou, Zh., Wang, H., Zhu, L., & Zhang, Z. (2018). Design and Implementation of Augmented Reality Cloud Platform System for 3D Entity Objects. Procedia Computer Science, 131(2), 108-115. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.procs.2018.04.192
  20. Jackson, D., & Allen, C. (2024). Technology adoption in accounting: the role of staff perceptions and organisational context. Journal of Accounting & Organizational Change, 20(2), 205-227. https://doi.org/10.1108/JAOC-01-2023-0007
  21. Jemine, G., Puyou, F.-R., & Bouvet, F. (2024). Technological innovation and the co-production of accounting services in small accounting firms. Accounting, Auditing & Accountability Journal, 37(1), 280-305. https://doi.org/10.1108/AAAJ-08-2022-5981
  22. Khoruzhy, L. I., Katkov, Y. N., & Romanova, A. A. (2023). Cloud Technologies in the Accounting Information System of Interorganizational Cooperation. Unlocking Digital Transformation of Agricultural Enterprises, 302-389. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-13913-0_4
  23. Lafta, M.H. (2022). Cloud accounting and its implications for the future of the accounting profession. Academy of Accounting and Financial Studies Journal, 26(6), 1-25.
  24. Lauterbach, A. (2019). Artificial intelligence and policy: quo vadis?, Digital Policy, Regulation and Governance, 21(3), 238-263. https://doi.org/10.1108/DPRG-09-2018-0054
  25. Marrone, M., & Hazelton, J. (2019). The disruptive and transformative potential of new technologies for accounting, accountants and accountability: A review of current literature and call for further research, Meditari Accountancy Research, 27(5), 677-694. https://doi.org/10.1108/MEDAR-06-2019-0508
  26. Mell, P., & Grance, T. (2014). Recommendations of the National Institute of Standards and Technology National Institute of Standards and Technology: U.S. Department of Commerce, 3(5): 1-20. https://nvlpubs.nist.gov/nistpubs/legacy/sp/nistspecialpublication800-145.pdf
  27. Moudud-Ul-Huq, S., Asaduzzaman, M., & Biswas, T. (2020). Role of cloud computing in global accounting information systems, The Bottom Line, 33(3), 231-250. https://doi.org/10.1108/BL-01-2020-0010
  28. Muelder, C., Zhu, B., Chen, W., Zhang, H., & Ma, K. L. (2016). Visual Analysis of Cloud Computing Performance Using Behavioral Lines, IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics, 22(6), 1694-1704. https://doi.org/10.1109/TVCG.2016.2534558
  29. Ou, L., & Zhang, Zh. (2021). Research and Analysis on Cloud Accounting of Enterprises under the Background of New. Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 4(4), 1-23. https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1852/4/042077
  30. Rahman, M.J., Yangfan, G., Hossain, M.M., & Rana, T. (2023). Cloud Accounting: A New Business Model in Challenging Context of China. In Handbook of Big Data and Analytics in Accounting and Auditing. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-4460-4_8
  31. Silva, R., Marques, R.P., Inácio, H. (2024). A design for tokenization in governmental investment. International Journal of Accounting & Information Management, 32(1), 19-39. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJAIM-03-2023-0070
  32. Stegmann, P., Matyas, D., & Ströbel, T. (2023). Hype or opportunity? Tokenization as engagement platform in sport marketing. International Journal of Sports Marketing and Sponsorship, 24(4), 722-736. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJSMS-08-2022-0157
  33. Tawfik, O.I., Durrah, O., Hussainey, K., & Elmaasrawy, H.E. (2023). Factors influencing the implementation of cloud accounting: evidence from small and medium enterprises in Oman. Journal of Science and Technology Policy Management, 14(5), 859-884. https://doi.org/10.1108/JSTPM-08-2021-0114
  34. Wu, H., Wu, Y., & Zhang, J. (2023). Risk assessment modeling with application in the accounting cloud-service industry. Expert Systems with Applications, 229(1), 102-135. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eswa.2023.120526
  35. Xu, Z., Xu, J., & Kuang, L. D. (2021). A Token-based Authentication and Key Agreement Protocol for Cloud Computing, IEEE 6th International Conference on Smart Cloud (Smart Cloud), Newark, NJ, USA, 1(3): 38-43. https://doi.org/10.1109/SmartCloud52277.2021.00014
  36. Yadav, S., & Singh, S.P. (2021). An integrated fuzzy-ANP and fuzzy-ISM approach using blockchain for sustainable supply chain. Journal of Enterprise Information Management, 34(1), 54-78. https://doi.org/10.1108/JEIM-09-2019-0301
  37. Yau-Yeung, D., Yigitbasioglu, O., & Green, P. (2020). Cloud accounting risks and mitigation strategies: evidence from Australia, Accounting Forum, 44(4), 421-446. https://doi.org/10.1080/01559982.2020.1783047
  38. Yousaf, I., Zeitun, R., Ali, S., & Palma, A. (2024). Impact of tokenization on financial investments: Exploring connectedness through the case of transport and travel/tourism sectors. Finance Research Letters, 62(2), 45-81. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.frl.2024.105221