Empirical Studies in Financial Accounting

Audit Quality

The Effect of Mental Accounting on Audit Quality

Mohammad hossein Setayesh; Younes Masoudi; Elias Dehdari; Mina Sadeghi

Volume 21, Issue 83 , November 2024, Pages 1-42

https://doi.org/10.22054/qjma.2024.79615.2567

Abstract

This research explores the impact of mental accounting on audit quality, particularly focusing on how auditors' cognitive biases influence their judgments and decision-making. By understanding these biases, auditors can better identify risks and improve audit processes. The study is applied, quantitative, ... Read More This research explores the impact of mental accounting on audit quality, particularly focusing on how auditors' cognitive biases influence their judgments and decision-making. By understanding these biases, auditors can better identify risks and improve audit processes. The study is applied, quantitative, and descriptive, conducted through surveys with 203 certified accountants in Iran. The findings indicate that mental accounting affects auditors' judgments, the allocation of partners' working time, and performance defense costs in lawsuits, but it does not impact auditor independence. The research concludes that mental accounting influences overall audit quality. By increasing auditors' awareness of mental accounting and its effects, the quality of their audits can improve. These insights highlight the importance of recognizing behavioral biases in auditing to enhance the effectiveness and accuracy of audit practices. IntroductionIn a world without audits, trust in financial reporting would erode, leading to chaos in financial statements. Audit quality is essential for ensuring reliability and transparency, serving as a safeguard against errors and fraud. Understanding auditors' cognitive processes, particularly mental accounting, is crucial for enhancing audit quality and improving decision-making in the classification of financial resources.In the 1980s, Richard Thaler and Amos Tursky popularized the concept of mental accounting, demonstrating how mental limitations can lead to irrational financial decisions. This theory, widely accepted by psychologists, economists, and auditors, consists of three key elements: the coding, classification, and evaluation of mental accounts. Additionally, expectations theory addresses decision-making under risk. By understanding mental accounts, auditors can gain valuable insights into financial behaviors, ultimately improving audit quality. This makes mental accounting a vital tool for combating financial abuses and enhancing overall financial integrity.Research hypothesesMental accounting influences audit quality.Mental accounting affects the auditor's judgment.Mental accounting impacts the ratio of partners' work time to the total work time in the audit budget.Mental accounting influences the auditor's independence.Mental accounting affects the process of defending performance costs in lawsuits.Literature ReviewAudit quality is rooted in trust and confidence, stemming from auditors' adherence to professional standards and their ability to provide reliable information. It can be likened to a trustworthy friend who keeps promises, relying on key elements such as competence, independence, honesty, and professional skepticism. Definitions of audit quality vary but generally emphasize auditors’ ability to detect violations and ensure high-quality financial reporting. Compliance with audit standards serves as a key indicator of audit quality. Furthermore, the theory of mental accounting enhances audit quality by enabling auditors to better understand financial processes and how individuals categorize their resources, making it a valuable tool for improving overall audit practices.Integrating mental accounting with audit quality can significantly enhance the audit process and build trust in financial reporting. Mental accounting identifies behavioral biases that influence auditors' decision-making by examining how financial resources and decisions are categorized. By recognizing these biases, auditors can implement strategies to mitigate their effects, thereby improving audit quality. Additionally, applying mental accounting principles helps auditors select effective methods for gathering and interpreting evidence, ensuring more reliable and accurate audits. This synergy fosters greater accuracy and reliability in financial reports, ultimately strengthening public trust in the audit system.MethodologyThis research adopts an applied approach and a survey method to enhance auditing knowledge, focusing on partners, managers, and certified accountants from A-grade audit institutions in Iran. Data collection was conducted using a questionnaire, whose validity was confirmed through face validity and necessary revisions. Reliability was established using Cronbach's alpha, ensuring the questionnaire is a reliable tool for measuring the research variables.ConclusionThis research highlights the role of mental accounting in enhancing audit quality, building on Thaler's foundational work. It identifies four specific variables to measure audit quality, demonstrating that mental accounting affects auditors' judgments, partners' work time allocation, and defense costs in lawsuits, but not auditor independence. The findings confirm that mental accounting positively influences audit quality, aligning with earlier studies by Bonabi Ghadim and Karbasi Yazdi (2013) and Stephen (2018).Additionally, the research examined the influence of participants' demographic information on the hypotheses, concluding that these factors did not affect the outcomes, as the results remained consistent across all demographic groups.AcknowledgmentsIn conclusion, we extend our gratitude to the partners, managers, and members of the public accountants’ community in Iran for their invaluable assistance and the generous time they dedicated to supporting this research.

Capital Structure

The Effect of Economic Booms and Recessions on the Speed of Working Capital Adjustment

Hassan Zalaghi; Maryam Zalaghi

Volume 21, Issue 83 , November 2024, Pages 43-76

https://doi.org/10.22054/qjma.2024.77458.2524

Abstract

Working capital management increases performance and reduces risk, thereby lowering the cost of capital. Many studies have been conducted in the field of working capital, including the adjustment of working capital toward targets and the effects of various variables on it. However, the influence of the ... Read More Working capital management increases performance and reduces risk, thereby lowering the cost of capital. Many studies have been conducted in the field of working capital, including the adjustment of working capital toward targets and the effects of various variables on it. However, the influence of the prevailing economic environment, including booms and recessions, on the speed of adjustment has received less attention. The purpose of this research is to investigate the effect of economic booms and recessions on the speed of working capital adjustment in firms listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange. For this purpose, data from 153 firms listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange during the period of 2011 to 2022 were used. This research is practical in terms of purpose. The research method is based on the use of panel data and is quantitative and correlational. To analyze the data and test the research hypotheses, the dynamic panel method with the System Generalized Method of Moments (GMM) was used. The research results showed that managers adjust the firm's working capital ratio toward the target working capital. Other findings indicated that the rate of working capital adjustments during economic booms is greater than during recessions in both the financial and real sectors of the economy. Introduction Periods of prosperity increase a company's sales and growth, leading to more financing through internal financial resources and working capital. On the other hand, maintaining a larger amount of current assets may negatively affect the company's liquidity management and profitability, potentially reducing the return on assets. Additionaly, during economic recessions, financing through internal financial sources becomes limited, and financing through other sources increases the cost of capital. Accordingly, investing more or less than the optimal amount in working capital may negatively impact the company's performance. Therefore, based on the balance theory, firms may have a target working capital level that balances its benefits and risks (Ahangar, 2020). Nevertheless, firms adjust their working capital levels only when the benefits of the adjustment outweigh its costs (Ahangar, 2020). Greater attention to working capital management is valuable for firms, as it increases performance and reduces risk, which in turn will reduce the cost of capital (Aktas et al., 2015). Business units may deviate from the optimal level of capital turnover due to advances in technology, changes in production costs, or random shocks. However, because optimal working capital offers advantages for business units, they continually strive to bring the actual level of working capital closer to the optimal level. The speed at which firms correct the deviation between the actual level and the optimal level of working capital is called the speed of working capital adjustment (Ahangar, 2020). In domestic research, working capital has not been adequately explored as a dynamic concept, and many questions in this area remain unanswered for Iranian firms. For this reason, this research intends to investigate the existence of optimal working capital in Iranian firms using dynamic models and to measure their speed in achieving optimal working capital. Additionally, given the impact of economic booms and recessions on the provision of financial resources, especially working capital, and the need to adjust working capital toward optimal levels to increase firm value, this research examines the effect of economic booms and recessions on the speed of working capital adjustment in Iranian firms. Literature Review Firms that do not face restrictions on financing through external financial sources can more easily change the cash conversion cycle and, in fact, their working capital ratio. They can adjust working capital more quickly and reach the target working capital ratio faster. This means that during periods of economic prosperity, financing company expenses becomes easier, reducing adjustment costs such as financing costs. According to the balance theory, the speed of working capital adjustment increases or decreases depending on these factors (Ahangar, 2020). In the literature related to capital turnover, several theories of capital structure, including balance theory (Miller, 1977) and hierarchical theory (Myers, 1984; Myers & Majluf, 1984) have been used to study the behavior of capital turnover. The equilibrium theory states that there is a balance point between the benefits and risks of investment, at which maximum value is obtained for firms. According to this theory, any deviation from the target turnover level is quickly adjusted (Ahangar, 2020). In the static balance theory, movement toward the target ratio is assumed to be instantaneous, while in dynamic balance theory, the path to the target ratio is a gradual process (Orlova & Rao, 2018). According to the hierarchical theory, firms, regardless of their target working capital, provide financial support according to a predetermined hierarchy. This financing can come from internal or external funds. Furthermore, in this theory, firms prefer internal funds to external financial sources to reduce the costs associated with information asymmetry when financing investment projects (Myers, 1984). In research related to working capital, the balance theory has attracted more attention (Aflatooni et al., 1401). The research hypotheses are presented as follows: H1: Managers adjust the company's turnover ratio toward the target turnover. H 2: During periods of prosperity, the speed of working capital adjustment in firms is higher than during recessions in the financial sector of the economy. H 3: During periods of prosperity, the speed of working capital adjustment in firms is higher than during recessions in the real sector of the economy. Methodology This research is practical, analytical, quasi-experimental, correlational in terms of research purpose, and retrospective and post-event in terms of the time dimension of the data. To collect financial and accounting data, the Rahvard Novin database and reports published on the Codal website were used, and Eviews software was employed to analyze the data. To estimate the research models, the Blundell & Bond (1998) system generalized method of moments estimator was used. The statistical population of this research consists of firms listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange. Results The results of the research show that managers adjust the company's working capital ratio to align with the target working capital. Additionally, the research findings indicate that the speed of working capital adjustment during periods of prosperity is higher than during periods of recession in both the financial sector and the real sector of the economy. Discussion The results of the first hypothesis test showed that company managers tend to adjust the company's capital turnover according to their goals, whether they are in a period of prosperity or recession. This finding is consistent with the results of Banos et al. (2020), Ahangar (2020), and Aflatooni et al. (1400). This suggests that Iranian firms, by moving toward the goal of capital turnover, attempt to manage the impact of prevailing economic conditions to avoid the risk of bankruptcy during recessions and the decrease in profitability caused by the uncontrolled and unmanaged increase in current assets during boom periods. The results of the second and third hypothesis tests indicate that the speed of capital turnover adjustment during economic prosperity is higher than during economic recession in both the financial sector and the real sector of the economy. These findings are consistent with the results of Helfin et al. (2018) and Aflatooni et al. (1401). According to the results of this research, it can be concluded that firms have a greater ability to adjust their working capital during economic booms in both the financial and the real sectors. This plays an important role in the financial management of firms under different economic conditions. These results can assist financial managers in determining appropriate strategies for managing capital turnover in any economic period. Additionally, these findings can help financial and economic researchers gain a better understanding of how different economic conditions affect the financial behavior of firms. Conclusion These results can help financial managers determine appropriate strategies for managing capital turnover in any economic period. Additionally, these findings can help financial and economic researchers gain a better understanding of how different economic conditions affect the financial behavior of firms. Based on the findings of this research, the following practical suggestions are provided: Investors and company managers should always keep in mind that economic prosperity cannot be sustained without optimal capital management. It is merely a factor that increases the value of firms, or, in the case of economic recession, it may lead firms toward bankruptcy. Therefore, they should consider the effects of deviations in working capital when making decisions. Investors and managers should pay particular attention to the speed of working capital adjustment during economic booms (both in the financial and real sectors) due to the growth in the company and the simultaneous increase in current assets. The necessity of optimal liquidity and working capital management is crucial, as creating a balance in these areas will lead to improved performance and increased value for firms.

Policymaking in Corporate Reporting in Iran: A Scenario Analysis and Robust Planning Approach

Morteza Adlzadeh

Volume 21, Issue 83 , November 2024, Pages 77-120

https://doi.org/10.22054/qjma.2024.80329.2583

Abstract

The complexities and continuous changes in the business environment have raised significant doubts about the ability of corporate reporting systems to meet stakeholders' needs. Additionally, the unique characteristics of Iran's economic environment necessitate careful consideration of the forces shaping ... Read More The complexities and continuous changes in the business environment have raised significant doubts about the ability of corporate reporting systems to meet stakeholders' needs. Additionally, the unique characteristics of Iran's economic environment necessitate careful consideration of the forces shaping the future of corporate reporting and appropriate policymaking by stakeholders. This research evaluates the policy options using a mixed-method approach, employing scenario analysis for corporate reporting in Iran. In the first stage, semi-structured interviews with experts and a fuzzy Delphi survey were conducted to identify the drivers affecting the future of corporate reporting in Iran. Next, using the Schwartz model, the importance and uncertainty of the key drivers were determined. The findings revealed that the three most critical and uncertain drivers are "increasing the connection with the global economy," "privatization of property," and "credit-oriented financial system". In the final stage, corporate reporting issues were categorized into five groups, and ten action options were developed. Robust planning analysis indicated that the optimal policy option includes expanding the target audience, prioritizing public interests, recognizing intangible assets, moving toward international standards, and advancing non-financial reporting with updated requirements. The results of this research offer valuable applications and recommendations for policymakers and stakeholders in corporate reporting. Introduction Corporate reporting plays an essential role in the effective functioning of the global economy and significantly contributes to shaping our understanding of the current and future drivers of value creation in business and the financial sector. It is constantly evolving to meet the demands of a diverse and expanding range of users, with ongoing efforts to adapt reporting procedures to the continuous changes in the regulatory and business environment. Policymakers and various stakeholders in corporate reporting must develop innovative approaches for forecasting and policymaking, considering future developments in the field. In this context, there is a growing demand for increased transparency and improved reporting mechanisms. Consequently, professional and academic authorities, standard-setting organizations, regulatory bodies, and other interested parties have begun conducting studies, proposing solutions, and establishing requirements to improve the corporate reporting system. Legislative institutions and standard-setting organizations have consistently aimed to provide standards and recommendations through an evolutionary process to enhance reporting and address the information needs of investors in resource allocation. Thus, The formulation of appropriate policies to accommodate changes in the corporate reporting system is critical. Corporate reporting requires well-informed decisions by policymakers to address these challenges. Based on this need, the main research questions of this study are as follows: What are the main scenarios for the possible future of corporate reporting in Iran's economic environment? According to different scenarios, what should be the appropriate policies for corporate reporting stakeholders? Methodology This study is applied research, employing a mixed methodology to achieve its objectives. Semi-structured interviews were conducted following the approach outlined by Kvale and Brinkman (2009) to identify the driving forces shaping the future of corporate reporting. Thematic analysis was used to analyze the interview data. For the qualitative analysis, appropriate methods aligned with Creswell (2008) approach were employed. In the second step, fuzzy Delphi analysis was conducted to reach a consensus on the identified drivers. Subsequently, to assess the level of importance and uncertainty, a questionnaire containing the list of consensus drivers was distributed to the experts who participated in the earlier stages of the research. The expert panel method was used to identify policy issues in corporate reporting, and corresponding action options were developed for each issue. The evaluation of these policy options was then carried out using a questionnaire tool based on expert opinions. The results from the questionnaire analysis were processed using MATLAB software, incorporating the development of a fuzzy inference system. Results During the exploratory interview phase with experts, 37 effective drivers of corporate reporting were identified. After two stages of fuzzy Delphi implementation, a total of 18 drivers were approved and agreed upon by the experts. These agreed-on drivers served as the foundation for developing scenarios based on the Schwartz model (1991). Among these, three drivers of "entering the global economic arena with the removal of sanctions," "privatization of ownership," and "changing the collateral-based financing system to a credit-based system" were identified as having both high importance and high uncertainty, making them the primary basis for developing distinct corporate reporting scenarios. Considering that three drivers are the basis for designing the scenarios. Given that each of these three drivers can exist in two possible states, a total of eight scenarios were designed. Five main corporate reporting challenges were identified to evaluate policy options, and ten action options were developed. Finally, based on the analysis of policy option evaluation using robust planning criteria, the best policy option was determined. Conclusion The evaluation of different scenarios indicates that scenario number 1, characterized by increased linkage with the global economy, privatization of ownership, and credit-oriented financing, is a favorable scenario for corporate reporting. In this scenario, there is a more suitable platform, greater demand, and an improved environment for the development and advancement of corporate reporting. However, it is important to note that this scenario also raises expectations for corporate reporting. If these expectations are not adequately addressed, stakeholders may increasingly rely on alternative information mechanisms. Based on the analysis of policy options evaluated using robust planning criteria, the best policy option was identified. This option includes expanding the target audience group, prioritizing public interests, increasing recognition of intangible assets, adopting international standards, and advancing non-financial reporting types with new requirements. This policy option demonstrates appropriate and acceptable performance across different scenarios, making it the most suitable choice for corporate reporting.

Accounting and various aspects of finance

The Moderating Role of Conservatism in the Relationship between Audit Quality and Earnings Management

Hanie Hekmat; Vahid Heydarzadeh khalife khandi; Razieh Ghorbani

Volume 21, Issue 83 , November 2024, Pages 121-162

https://doi.org/10.22054/qjma.2024.79187.2555

Abstract

The purpose of this research is to investigate the moderating role of conservatism in the relationship between audit quality and earnings management. The current research is analytical and correlational. Furthermore, this study is considered quantitative based on the nature and characteristics of the ... Read More The purpose of this research is to investigate the moderating role of conservatism in the relationship between audit quality and earnings management. The current research is analytical and correlational. Furthermore, this study is considered quantitative based on the nature and characteristics of the data used to analyze the hypotheses. Data collection involved first using the library method, followed by statistics provided by the Tehran Stock Exchange Organization. The findings obtained from the regression model, based on a sample of 110 companies listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange over an 8-year period from 2015 to 2022, indicate that audit quality has an inverse and significant relationship with earnings management. Additionally, it was found that conservatism influences the relationship between audit quality and earnings management. The results concluded that conservatism reduces earnings management by recognizing losses promptly and delaying the recognition of profits. Since audit quality reduces information asymmetry, it limits profit manipulation through earnings management. In this context, conservatism plays a vital role in restricting managers' opportunistic reporting. Also, conservatism diminishes the company's incentives for earnings management, thereby reducing biases caused by managerial opportunism in accounting. Consequently, conservatism is expected to have a moderating role in the relationship between audit quality and earnings management, and the findings of this research confirm these expectations.IntroductionThe objective of this research is to investigate the moderating role of accounting conservatism in the relationship between audit quality and earnings management. In today's capital markets, earnings management has become a critical concern. It is a tool used by company management to influence earnings so that the numbers reach a predetermined target. This approach is employed for various reasons, one of which is earnings smoothing. As a result, instead of experiencing years of abnormally high or negative earnings, companies aim to maintain relatively stable results by employing innovative accounting tactics (Ismail et al., 2022). The main objective of financial statement auditing is to assure users that the financial statements are prepared in accordance with International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS). According to IFRS, financial reporting must provide truthful information, ensuring that financial statements accurately present the information they claim to provide. It is therefore logical that audit quality has an inverse relationship with the occurrence of earnings manipulation (Ismail et al., 2022). There is also substantial research suggesting that the level of accounting conservatism may reduce the practice of earnings management (Chen et al., 2007; Ball et al., 2000; Khan & Watts, 2009; Aminu & Hassan, 2018; Li et al., 2018). Chen et al. (2007) argued for the existence of a trade-off in conservative practice. Adopting the principle of conservatism may lead to more noise in accounting reports, potentially reducing the value of the stewardship role. On the other hand, this principle may decrease the practice of earnings management. However, Chen et al., (2007) asserted that under reasonable conditions, the reduction in earnings management is sufficient to compensate for the noise caused by excessive accounting conservatism. Legislators, standard setters, and academics have expressed concern that companies use conservative accounting coverage to manage earnings (AICPA, 1939; Devine, 1963; FASB, 1980; Levitt, 1998; Penman, 2001). A significant number of previous studies link the effects of earnings management to audit quality issues (Chowdhury & Eliwa, 2021). The importance of this research lies in its effort to fill the gap in understanding the moderating role of accounting conservatism in the relationship between audit quality and earnings management. MethodologyResearch Type: Based on its objective, this research falls under the category of applied research. Applied research uses the theories, principles, and techniques developed in basic research to address practical, real-world problems. In terms of methodology and nature, this research is a correlational study. Additionally, it is considered descriptive research, as the researcher does not intervene in the position, state, or role of the variables. The research method is inductive.Data Collection: Data collection will be conducted in two stages. In the first stage, a literature review will be performed using library resources and specialized Persian and English texts to establish the theoretical and conceptual framework of the research. In the second stage, financial data for the research will be extracted from the financial statements of companies listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange.Data Analysis: Eviews software will be used to analyze the collected data.Population and Sample: The population of this study includes all companies listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange between 2015 and 2022 (eight years). After applying the necessary limitations, the sample size for this research will consist of 110 companies listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange, representing 880 company-years. It is important to note that only listed companies are included in the study. ResultHypothesis 1: To test the first hypothesis of the study, Model (1) was used. The results of the model estimation show that the coefficient of audit quality (0.3645) is significant at the 5% level, indicating a significant inverse relationship between audit quality and earnings management. Among the control variables, firm size, sales growth, and research and development expenses exhibit a positive and significant relationship with earnings management, while financial leverage shows a negative and significant relationship. Additionally, it was found that book value, operating expenses, and sales volatility do not have a significant relationship with earnings management. The variance inflation factor values confirm the absence of multicollinearity among the explanatory variables. The significance of the F-statistic (3674.6) at the 1% level demonstrates that the model is significant. The Durbin-Watson statistic (2.0803) indicates no autocorrelation problem in the model components. Furthermore, the coefficient of determination shows that the independent variable explains approximately 53% of the variation in total. Based on these results, the first hypothesis of the study is not rejected at the 5% confidence level.Hypothesis 2: To test the second hypothesis of the study, Model (2) was used. The results show that the coefficient of the audit quality variable (0.6577) is significant at the 5% level, indicating a significant inverse relationship between audit quality and earnings management. The coefficient of the conservatism variable (0.7305), significant at the 10% level, reveals a significant inverse relationship between conservatism and earnings management. Finally, the combined coefficient of determination for audit quality and conservatism (0.5913) is significant at the 5% level, indicating that conservatism moderates the relationship between audit quality and earnings management. The variance inflation factor values confirm the absence of multicollinearity among the explanatory variables. The significance of the F-statistic (1893.6) at the 1% level demonstrates that the model is significant. The Durbin-Watson statistic (2.1972) indicates no autocorrelation problem in the model components. Furthermore, the coefficient of determination shows that the independent variable explains about 51% of the variation in total. Based on these results, the second hypothesis of the study is not rejected at the 5% confidence level. ConclusionThe results of the test for the first hypothesis indicate a significant inverse relationship between audit quality and corporate earnings management. Low audit quality occurs when audited financial statements contain errors that the auditor has not identified or disclosed in their report. Therefore, audit quality can be associated with the quality of financial reporting, as higher audit quality ensures higher reporting quality. The presence of audit quality reduces in information asymmetry, which in turn decreases earnings manipulation through earnings management. These results are consistent with the research of Hanoun et al. (2010), Alzoubi (2017), Fatahi Nafchi, and Fazel Dehkordi (2018), and Khajavi and Maimand (2015). The results of the test of the second hypothesis show that conservatism has a moderating effect on the relationship between audit quality and earnings management. Audit quality reduces information asymmetry, which subsequently decreases earnings manipulation through earnings management. In this context, conservatism plays an important role in restricting opportunistic reporting by managers. Furthermore, conservatism reduces a company's motivation for earnings management, thereby mitigating the biases caused by opportunism in accounting.

Accounting tools

Perspectives on Sustainability in Strategic Management Accounting in Terms of Financial Technologies (FinTech)

Hamid Khodayari; Malektaj Maleki Oskuie; Azar Moslemi; Hasan Hemmati

Volume 21, Issue 83 , November 2024, Pages 163-212

https://doi.org/10.22054/qjma.2024.79325.2557

Abstract

The purpose of this research is to explore perspectives on sustainability in strategic management accounting for the sustainability of companies in the context of financial technologies (FinTech). In terms of research method and based on its purpose and type of results, this study is classified as exploratory ... Read More The purpose of this research is to explore perspectives on sustainability in strategic management accounting for the sustainability of companies in the context of financial technologies (FinTech). In terms of research method and based on its purpose and type of results, this study is classified as exploratory and developmental research. Initially, through thematic analysis, the accounting functions of strategic management for corporate sustainability in terms of financial technologies were identified. The reliability of the identified themes was then examined using Delphi analysis. Finally, through scenario analysis, the research aimed to establish strategic management accounting perspectives related to sustainability in financial technologies (FinTech). The results of the first phase of the research, conducted through 13 interviews revealed the identification of 3 overarching themes, 6 organizing themes, and 26 basic themes. Introduction Neoclassical economists and numerous management theories emphasize the assumption that the primary goal of companies is to maximize shareholder interests under competitive market conditions and limited capacities for acquiring financial resources. Shareholders are regarded as the most critical providers of financial resources necessary to advance corporate goals. Consequently, companies must adopt various significant approaches to secure stable financial resources and maintain their position in competitive market environments. One such approach involves leveraging financial technologies, or fintech, which focus on investing in technological infrastructure to achieve longer-term goals. These strategies aim to influence competitive dynamics arising from economic decisions and address the side effects of the company's operations on other stakeholders. Fintechs are defined as financial operational structures that enhance the scope of services expected by stakeholders through the application of innovative technologies, such as blockchain. Literature Review With the evolution of financial and accounting information technologies and infrastructures, management accounting is increasingly regarded as a dynamic phenomenon requiring reorganization in both cognitive and content dimensions. These changes, which began in 2008 with the emergence of fintech and artificial intelligence, have accelerated significantly in recent years. Fintech refers to innovative methods of financial transactions and reimbursement systems enabled by advancements in computer communication, big data analysis, networking, and artificial intelligence technology. The term fintech, an abbreviated of “financial technology” is often used in the context of financial strategies adopted by commercial businesses. Through fintech, businesses can develop capacities to deliver digital financial services using cutting-edge software and technologies. Methodology Based on the objective classification in the methodology, this study is considered exploratory because it utilizes expert interviews to identify the driving criteria of strategic management accounting for the sustainability of companies using financial technologies. In terms of its results, the study is developmental, as the combination of phenomena investigated lacks theoretical coherence and an integrated content framework in the study’s context. In terms of data type, this study employs a mixed-method approach. In the qualitative phase, thematic analysis and expert interviews were used to identify the driving criteria of strategic management accounting for corporate sustainability in the context of financial technologies. Subsequently, a Delphi analysis was conducted to examine the reliability of the identified themes. In the quantitative phase, the study utilizes scenario analysis to determine the functional perspectives of strategic management accounting drivers for sustainability in companies using financial technologies. To achieve this, the study focuses on mutual matrix processes and pairwise comparisons of criteria in row "i" and column "j" to identify the most favorable strategic management accounting scenarios for sustainability in the context of financial technologies. Result In this study, due to the lack of a coherent theoretical framework regarding the accounting functions of strategic management in the sustainability of companies using financial technologies, thematic analysis was employed in the first phase. During the 13 interviews conducted, a total of 3 overarching themes, 6 organizing themes, and 26 basic themes were identified through three stages of coding. Next, to formulate future scenarios for assessing the sustainability of financial technologies, the link matrix was used to identify the most impactful central organizing themes by analyzing the inputs and outputs of the matrix model through the MiM-Mak matrix. The results of this phase confirmed two key bases: the service cycle costing technique in fintech sustainability and the benchmarking technique in fintech sustainability. These bases serve as the axes for determining possible scenarios for evaluating the functions of strategic management accounting in the sustainability of companies using financial technologies. Through the reciprocal matrix, these scenarios provide a structured approach to describing the phenomenon under investigation. Discussion The purpose of this study is to explore perspectives on strategic management accounting in the sustainability of companies in terms of applying financial technologies (FinTech). Based on the results, the most favorable scenarios, in the matrix of mathematical functions is located in the third quadrant, referred to as the "metaphorical scenario of Heraclitus". This scenario highlights the significant role of the service cycle costing technique in fintech sustainability. In analyzing the results, it can be concluded that strategic management accounting, with a focus on the service cycle costing technique in fintech sustainability, seeks to explore the benefits of providing technological financial services to beneficiaries. This approach differentiates itself from traditional methods of delivering financial services by offering more perceptible advantages, such as faster access to financial information, enhanced technical criteria for decision-making, and improved financial support for beneficiaries. Thus, the financial service cycle costing tool, through strategic management accounting, enables these capabilities and fosters more advanced prospects for fintech sustainability at the level of commercial companies. Conclusion The results of this study indicate that strategic management accounting, with an emphasis on the service cycle costing technique in fintech sustainability, aims to explore the benefits of providing technological financial services to beneficiaries. This approach seeks to differentiate these services from other financial service delivery methods by offering more tangible advantages, such as faster access to financial information, enhanced technical criteria for decision-making, and improved financial support for beneficiaries.

Accounting tools

The Accounting Development Procedures Framework for Implementing Financial Startups in Capital Market Companies

Seyed Alireza Hossieni,; Hasan Valiyan; Mohammadreza Abdoli; Maryam Shahri

Volume 21, Issue 83 , November 2024, Pages 213-266

https://doi.org/10.22054/qjma.2024.79053.2554

Abstract

The purpose of this research is the startup accounting development field’s framework and appraisal in the context of capital market companies. This study is exploratory in terms of the type of objective, and it is considered mixed in terms of the type of data collection. In order to measure the ... Read More The purpose of this research is the startup accounting development field’s framework and appraisal in the context of capital market companies. This study is exploratory in terms of the type of objective, and it is considered mixed in terms of the type of data collection. In order to measure the reliability of the identified dimensions, the fuzzy Delphi process was used to examine the confirmed axes from the phase of the fuzzy Delphi analysis, based on pairwise comparison in the quantitative section through the Micmac matrix. The results of this study in the qualitative part, during 13 interviews, identified four categories, 8 components, and 41 themes of the concept and developed them in the form of a multidimensional theoretical framework. In the quantitative section, it was also determined that the effectiveness of the "G_1" educational field strengthening dimension is higher than the other examined dimensions, and this dimension was selected as the most central factor in the development of startup accounting in the context of capital market companies. Introduction Financial startups are considered one of the most emerging ways of managing financial resources and accounting of the third generation. While accelerating the liquidity circulation cycle in industries, they also possess higher competitive capacities to leverage the advantages of financial markets. However, the importance of the development of startups is not necessarily tied to their novelty or uniqueness in driving competitive business dynamics, but rather to their ability to provide financial services at lower costs, with greater speed and universality at the financial market level, meeting the needs of beneficiaries. This can gain legitimacy for companies through their financial and accounting functions. Literature Review One of the most exemplary business models is startups, which are often created as small and flexible units within organizational structures, or as start-up businesses in the form of small and medium-sized companies through innovative plans, they consistently aim to provide goods and new services that are competitive in the market. Therefore, startups can be defined in two ways. On the one hand, startups can be described as companies with the goal of achieving rapid growth in a specific market or situation. On the other hand, startups can be considered human institutions designed to create new products or services under uncertain conditions. Accordingly, startups should be considered a valuable resource for generating new knowledge, which has gradually transformed into innovation with the development of entrepreneurial infrastructure, as they leverage emerging technologies to invent new products and business models. Methodology This study is considered exploratory in terms of its goal within the methodology because it uses the analysis of foundational data theory based on Glazer's approach to identify the background procedures of accounting development for the implementation of financial startups in the context of capital market companies. In terms of the study’s results, it is developmental because the phenomena investigated lack theoretical coherence and an integrated content framework in the study’s context. Regarding the type of data, this study should be considered mixed. In the qualitative part, using foundational data theory and conducting interviews, the effective background procedures for the development of accounting for the implementation of financial startups are identified in the form of a theoretical framework, ensuring the reliability of the identified dimensions through Delphi analysis. In the quantitative part of this study, using the MicMak matrix, an attempt is made to identify the most central area of startup accounting development in the context of capital market companies by comparing the criteria in the row " " and the column " ". Result In the qualitative part, through the approach of analyzing foundational data theory and conducting interviews with experts, a total of 41 conceptual themes; 8 components, and 4 categories were identified during the three stages of open, central, and selective coding. Based on this, a theoretical, multidimensional framework was developed, focusing on key axes effective in the development of startup accounting. Subsequently, the reliability of the axes identified through the foundational data theory was measured by performing a fuzzy Delphi analysis. The results indicate the confirmation of all dimensions within the analysis threshold of 0.7. Discussion In the following, the axes identified through the Micmac matrix were compared in pairs between the positive pole "+ve" and the negative pole "-ve" to determine the level of influence of row "i" on column "i" or vice versa. The results of the placement of the 8 confirmed axes in the 4 quadrants of the Micmac matrix are significant. Based on this analysis, it was determined that the two dimensions of strengthening the ecosystem fields "G5" and strengthening the educational fields "G1" respectively have a higher level of influence and effectiveness than the other dimensions. The results indicate that capital market companies, to advance their goals of implementing start-up accounting procedures, should focus on strengthening the skill capacities of accountants to effectively use these types of software platforms, based on structural needs assessments.

Accounting and various aspects of finance

The Effect of Religious Beliefs and the Mediating Role of Professional Ethics on Accountants’ Inaccuracy in Preparing Financial Statements

Esmaeil Khoshbakht; Amirhossein Taebi naghandari

Volume 21, Issue 83 , November 2024, Pages 267-304

https://doi.org/10.22054/qjma.2024.78797.2550

Abstract

The present study aims to investigate the effect of religious beliefs on the inaccuracy of accountants in preparing financial statements, with a focus on the mediating role of professional ethics in Iran. For this purpose, 400 questionnaires were designed and distributed among official accounting and ... Read More The present study aims to investigate the effect of religious beliefs on the inaccuracy of accountants in preparing financial statements, with a focus on the mediating role of professional ethics in Iran. For this purpose, 400 questionnaires were designed and distributed among official accounting and auditing professionals. The data was analyzed using Amos software. The findings indicate that religious beliefs have a negative and significant effect on accountants’ dishonesty and a positive and significant effect on their professional ethics. Additionally, the professional ethics of accountants is a factor that reduces inaccuracies in preparing financial statements, exerting a negative and significant effect. Finally, as a mediating variable, professional ethics explains the relationship between religious beliefs and accountants' dishonesty. The findings confirm that professional ethics serves as a partial mediator in this relationship. Introduction Fraud and inaccuracies in financial reporting have drawn significant attention in the accounting and auditing professions, particularly regarding their causes and the methods available to prevent fraudulent behavior. The inaccuracy of accountants is a multi-dimensional and complex phenomenon with various causes and effects, often leading to destructive consequences for business units and society. Increasing levels of inaccuracy in financial reporting have resulted in the bankruptcy of both large and small companies, raising concerns about the quality of financial statements. Consequently, identifying opportunities and possibilities to address accountants' inaccuracies in financial statements has become a key focus for creditors, investors, consultants, legislators, accountants, and other stakeholders. The expansion of morality and religiosity can often be more effective than laws, regulations, and standards in preventing inaccuracies. Accountants and auditors primarily follow laws and standards imposed by regulatory bodies such as the standards development committee and the auditing organization. However, these externally imposed standards may not always be fully accepted or embraced wholeheartedly. In contrast, religious and moral principles such as honesty and truthfulness are deeply rooted in personal beliefs. These principles often stem from family upbringing and are influenced by factors such as schooling, religion, and public or cultural institutions, which are deeply intertwined with native and natural structures. As a result, there is a stronger likelihood that auditors and accountants will adhere to religious and moral principles compared to externally imposed standards. Literature Review The relationship between religiosity and religious beliefs can be analyzed through the theory of social norms. Social norm theory suggests that social norms influence people's behavior. It predicts that the religious beliefs of managers are shaped by the religious norms prevalent in their local geographical area. The importance of social and religious norms within a society plays a significant role in fostering people's adherence to these norms. By emphasizing the overall importance of moral behavior, faith-based beliefs provide specific guidelines and equip adherents with a framework for describing and understanding moral or immoral experiences. Methodology This research is one of the few studies that utilize the scientific method of construction and experimental proof, conducted based on pre-determined research hypotheses and plans. This type of research is appropriate when the data measurement criteria are quantitative, and statistical techniques are employed to extract results. Additionally, since the data for this study is collected through a questionnaire, it can be classified as survey research. In terms of its purpose, it falls within the applied research category. In this study, all official accounting and auditing justice experts working at the provincial centers across the country were considered as the statistical population. Using Cochran's formula, the sample size for the study was determined to be 385 individuals. To ensure caution, 400 questionnaires were distributed among the members of the statistical population. Given the existing limitations, the questionnaire was administered online through the Judiciary Research Center. Out of the respondents, 325 individuals completed the questionnaire, and the number of valid responses suitable for analysis was 312. It should be noted that 13 questionnaires were excluded due to incomplete information. Therefore, the total number of questionnaires used for statistical analysis in this study was 312. Results Figure 1 illustrates the regression coefficients and the paths related to the testing of research hypotheses. The variable of faith-based beliefs is considered an independent variable, the inaccuracy of accountants in financial reporting is the dependent variable, and professional ethics is the mediating variable. Path c represents the relationship between the independent and dependent variables in the absence of a mediating variable. Path a shows the relationship between the independent variable and the mediator, while path b indicates the relationship between the mediator and dependent variables. Additionally, path c' represents the relationship between the independent and dependent variables in the presence of the mediating variable. To test the research hypotheses in Amos software, three mediation models, the direct model and the indirect model were employed. These models were included in the present study, and the related findings were reported. The findings revealed that religious beliefs have a negative and significant effect on accountants’ dishonesty and a positive and significant effect on their professional ethics. Furthermore, the professional ethics of accountants, similar to religious beliefs, is a factor that reduces the inaccuracy of accountants in preparing financial statements and has a negative and significant effect on it. Finally, as a mediating variable, professional ethics explains the relationship between religious beliefs and accountants' dishonesty. The findings confirm that professional ethics is a partial mediator in this relationship. Discussion This research demonstrated how religiosity and professional ethics can effectively reduce the inaccuracy of accountants in preparing financial statements. The beliefs of accountants and preparers of financial statements can often have a greater impact than reporting laws and standards. Since accountants’ dishonesty has highly destructive effects on society, economic stability, and public trust, the findings of the research suggest that strengthening accountants’ faith and moral beliefs can help prevent this harmful factor. Conclusion At first glance, it might be expected that an accountant with strong religious principles would demonstrate higher moral standards, thereby preventing them from preparing reports and financial statements that deviate from accounting principles. However, this is not always the case, and in some instances, the result may be the opposite. In reality, if religious beliefs alone do not enhance the moral system, they cannot effectively mitigate fraudulent behavior. In such situations, religiosity without moral commitment may manifest as hypocritical behaviors, which not only fails to reduce wrongdoing, but may even exacerbate it. Without ethical commitment, managers and accountants may manipulate financial statements to make them appear favorable, altering the numbers to avoid managerial threats without adhering to ethical principles.

The Impact of CEO’s Overconfidence on the Relationship between Cash Holdings and Excess

Volume 18, Issue 72 , January 2022, , Pages 57-77

https://doi.org/10.22054/qjma.2021.51016.2139

Abstract

In this study, the impact of CEO’s overconfidence on the relationship between cash holding and excess returns is investigated in companies listed in Tehran Stock Exchange during the years 2011-2018. For CEO’s overconfidence, overinvestment in assets, and for excess returns, the difference ... Read More

The Relationship between Real Earnings Management and Accrual Earnings Management in Companies Suspected of Fraud Listed in Tehran Stock Exchange

Volume 13, Issue 49 , June 2016, , Pages 29-52

https://doi.org/10.22054/qjma.2016.4193

Abstract

AbstractMost of earnings management researches in Iran focus on abnormal accruals. Whereas accruals and real activities result in earnings management, which are complementary (Sanjaya and Saragih, 2012). According to various studies, accruals eventually lead to fraud (Jones et al, 2008). So far no research ... Read More

Investigating the Impacts of Voluntary Disclosure Level on the Information Asymmetry of the Companies Listed in Tehran Stock Exchange

Volume 11, Issue 42 , July 2014, , Pages 89-114

Abstract

Managers venture to voluntary disclosure to inform investors about firms’ future point of views, goals and strategies. Financial and non-financial voluntary information reduce information asymmetry, increase stock liquidity and improve financial stability. In this research the relation of voluntary ... Read More Managers venture to voluntary disclosure to inform investors about firms’ future point of views, goals and strategies. Financial and non-financial voluntary information reduce information asymmetry, increase stock liquidity and improve financial stability. In this research the relation of voluntary disclosure level and information asymmetry of listed companies of Tehran Stock Exchange is investigated. Botosan (1997) check list which has been adjusted by kashanipour and et al. (2009) was utilized to measure voluntary disclosure level. The check list consists of 71 indices through six section of background information, the summery of historical results, Key Non-Financial Statistics, Segments Information, Projected Information and Management Discussion and Analysis. Moreover, information asymmetry variable is measured by using Venkatash and Chiang (1986) model. To test research hypotheses multivariate regression with panel data is utilized. The results show that there is no significant relation between voluntary disclosure level and information asymmetry of 122 listed companies of Tehran Stock Exchange during 2003-2011. Keywords: Voluntary disclosure level, Information asymmetry, Liquidity, Capital market. Managers venture to voluntary disclosure to inform investors about firms’ future point of views, goals and strategies. Financial and non-financial voluntary information reduce information asymmetry, increase stock liquidity and improve financial stability. In this research the relation of voluntary disclosure level and information asymmetry of listed companies of Tehran Stock Exchange is investigated. Botosan (1997) check list which has been adjusted by kashanipour and et al. (2009) was utilized to measure voluntary disclosure level. The check list consists of 71 indices through six section of background information, the summery of historical results, Key Non-Financial Statistics, Segments Information, Projected Information and Management Discussion and Analysis. Moreover, information asymmetry variable is measured by using Venkatash and Chiang (1986) model. To test research hypotheses multivariate regression with panel data is utilized. The results show that there is no significant relation between voluntary disclosure level and information asymmetry of 122 listed companies of Tehran Stock Exchange during 2003-2011. Keywords: Voluntary disclosure level, Information asymmetry, Liquidity, Capital market. In this research effect of extreme and moderate cash flows in explanatory power of model when the earnings are extreme is investigated through the extended version of Easton and Harris model. In this study in period of 1385 to 1391 we had 665 firm-year observations that after the removal of outliers we reach to 594 observations. We use OLS regression that in this regression we confront with unbalanced panel data with random effect. For classification of earnings and cash flows to extreme and moderate we use quintiles. Likewise, for comparing explanatory power of the models we use Cramer's (1987) Z-statistic. After all, with attention to statistic of this test we conclude that moderate cash flows relative to extreme cash flows when the earnings are extreme have effectson explanatory power. Keywords: Extreme Earnings, Moderate and Extreme Cash Flows from operation, Explanatory Power. In this research effect of extreme and moderate cash flows in explanatory power of model when the earnings are extreme is investigated through the extended version of Easton and Harris model. In this study in period of 1385 to 1391 we had 665 firm-year observations that after the removal of outliers we reach to 594 observations. We use OLS regression that in this regression we confront with unbalanced panel data with random effect. For classification of earnings and cash flows to extreme and moderate we use quintiles. Likewise, for comparing explanatory power of the models we use Cramer's (1987) Z-statistic. After all, with attention to statistic of this test we conclude that moderate cash flows relative to extreme cash flows when the earnings are extreme have effectson explanatory power. Keywords: Extreme Earnings, Moderate and Extreme Cash Flows from operation, Explanatory Power.

The Impact of Intellectual Capital on Financial Performance of Companies Listed in TSE

Volume 11, Issue 41 , April 2014, , Pages 83-103

Abstract

A great change and shift from financial resources to knowledge is being experienced nowadays. Physical and financial assets are essential but not enough to reach organizational goals, instead, knowledge, technological settings, good customer relations, information systems,... those constitute organization’s ... Read More

Rating Iranian Banks According to their Financial Strength

Volume 14, Issue 54 , July 2017, , Pages 25-50

https://doi.org/10.22054/qjma.2018.8268

Abstract

One of the essential needs of Iranian financial market participants (including money market and capital market participants) is rating Iranian banks based on their financial strength. This rating helps stakeholders, including shareholders, investors, customers, central bank and etc., to obtain more accurate ... Read More

A Financial Reporting Model for Regional Electric Companies in Iran

ehsan mohebi; jafar babajani; Mohammad Javad Salimi; mohammad taghi taghavi fard

Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript, Available Online from 23 September 2023

https://doi.org/10.22054/qjma.2023.73559.2455

Abstract

Regional Electric companies are organizations that pursue both social and financial goals in order to fulfill the assigned missions, so fulfilling the accountability due to their dual goals is of fundamental importance. In this research, by examining the information needs of the users of the financial ... Read More

The Effect of Financial Rewards, Market Considerations, Personality, Social values and professional Training in Choosing a public sector accountant Job

Saman Mohammadi; Hanieh Jaberi

Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript, Available Online from 29 June 2024

https://doi.org/10.22054/qjma.2024.78912.2552

Abstract

The rapid development of the business world has created numerous job opportunities for the workforce. People usually choose a job they are interested in and have the necessary ability to perform. Accounting graduates are one of the people who can enter the job market, and in the same way, accounting ... Read More

Investigating the Impact of Corporate Governance structures on Adoption, Quantity and Quality of Sustainability Reports: Using Systematic Review

Seyed Ali Hosseini; shima ahmadi; hossein Seilsepoor

Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript, Available Online from 10 July 2024

https://doi.org/10.22054/qjma.2024.79513.2564

Abstract

Given the significance of sustainability reporting, there has been an increase in studies in this field in recent years. However, due to shortcomings in initial studies it is not feasible to make decisions based on these findings, and more comprehensive studies are required. Considering the significant ... Read More

Identifying and Analyzing Factors Affecting Companies' Intention to Use Digital Accounting Systems

Mohammad Nazaripour

Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript, Available Online from 11 September 2024

https://doi.org/10.22054/qjma.2024.80643.2586

Abstract

As a technology, digital accounting systems play an important role in managing financial transactions, recording data and facilitating decision-making processes. In this regard, the aim of the current research is to identify and analyze the factors affecting the intention of companies to use digital ... Read More

The Emergence of The Radicalism Approach of Applying Fundamental Changes in The Accounting Profession: A Test of Interactive Qualitative Method

Mehdi Ebrahimkhani; seyed hosein shaker taheri; Mehrdadallah Golizadeh Azariha

Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript, Available Online from 22 September 2024

https://doi.org/10.22054/qjma.2024.80967.2595

Abstract

The purpose of this research is Evaluating the emergence of the radicalism approach in applying fundamental changes in the accounting profession, based on the interactive qualitative method. The methodology of this study is in the category of exploratory studies in terms of the type of result, application ... Read More

Contextualizing the Auditors' Bricolage Strategic Thinking Functions In Controlling The Occurrence of Auditing Profession Pressure Spillover Disorders

Alireza Saadati; Negar Khosravipour; Mohammad Ali Bidari

Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript, Available Online from 22 September 2024

https://doi.org/10.22054/qjma.2024.80610.2587

Abstract

The purpose of research is contextualizing the strategic thinking of auditors' bricolage functions in controlling the occurrence of auditing profession pressure spillover disorders. This study is considered a hybrid in terms of methodology, because it seeks to achieve the research goals based on a set ... Read More

The Motivational Contexts of The Governance Hegemony of Family Ownership: Reflecting on Cadillo's Governance Theory

Leila Zamanianfar; hossein alidadi; Danial Heidari; Alireza Altafi

Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript, Available Online from 11 November 2024

https://doi.org/10.22054/qjma.2024.80909.2592

Abstract

The purpose of this research is development of Caudillo's theory to appraisal of strengthen governance hegemony levers in Family ownership. In this research, firstly, through a systematic screening process, the levers that strengthen the governance hegemony were determined, and during the stages ... Read More

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Expanding the Mathematical Functions Matrix in the Futurology of Intertextuality in Disclosure Comprehensive Information for Stakeholders

Kambiz Taghipour; Naghi fazeli; Arezoo Khosaravani

Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript, Available Online from 11 November 2024

https://doi.org/10.22054/qjma.2024.80910.2593

Abstract

The purpose of this study is perspectives of intertextuality in disclosure comprehensive information for stakeholders by the mathematical functions matrix. This study is considered applied in terms of the type of result, and from the point of view of the goal, it is placed in the category of exploratory ... Read More

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COVID-19 and Earnings Management through Classification Shifting

Abas Aflatooni; Mohamad Khatiri

Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript, Available Online from 23 November 2024

https://doi.org/10.22054/qjma.2024.82140.2617

Abstract

Recent research has increasingly focused on earnings management through the classification shifting of income statement items. However, domestic studies have only minimally addressed this topic. While international research has extensively examined the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on earnings management, ... Read More

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The First Step towards Financial Transparency: Designing an Advanced Model of Direct Payment to the Final Beneficiary

Ali Rahmani; Ali Shirzad; Marziyeh Nourahmadi

Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript, Available Online from 27 November 2024

https://doi.org/10.22054/qjma.2024.80788.2596

Abstract

This research aims to propose a comprehensive and efficient model for the implementation of direct payment to the final beneficiary in various government departments, and it investigates, designs, and presents it.This model must not only comply with legal requirements, but also include reliable IT infrastructure, ... Read More

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Investigating the Impact of Accounting and Financial Variables on Company Systematic Risk: Applying the Bayesian Model Averaging Method

Leila Farvizi; Sakineh Sojoodi; Hossein Asgharpour; Jafar Haghighat

Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript, Available Online from 01 December 2024

https://doi.org/10.22054/qjma.2024.81755.2608

Abstract

Previous research have been conducted to establish connections between systematic risk and various accounting and financial variables of companies. Many empirical investigations have employed the classical regression method, which is not without its limitations, notably the need to focus on a limited ... Read More

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Identifying and Prioritizing the Factors Related to Agency Theory, Government shortcomings and the Consequences of Critical Theory Maturity in Accounting and the Quality of Social Benefits

Seyyed Hossein Noorhosseini Niyaki; Mehdi Meshki Miavaghi; Soghra Barari Nokashti

Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript, Available Online from 04 December 2024

https://doi.org/10.22054/qjma.2024.81824.2611

Abstract

This study was conducted with the aim of evaluating factors related to agency theory, shortcomings of government, consequences of critical theory maturity and the quality of social benefits in Management Accounting. The Foundation's data theory method was used to present a model regarding the maturity ... Read More

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Information Technology Integration in Internal Auditing: Challenges, Barriers and Solutions

Zahra Masoumi Bilondi; Maryam Sadat Tabatabaeian; Nasrin Yousefzadeh

Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript, Available Online from 22 December 2024

https://doi.org/10.22054/qjma.2024.82520.2625

Abstract

In recent years, much more attention has been paid to the adoption of information technology (IT) in organizations, particularly in the field of internal auditing. Integrating IT tools and systems into traditional auditing practices is a key driver for promoting the efficiency, effectiveness, and accuracy ... Read More

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Accepted Submissions	211
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