Abolfazl Jafari; Mohammad Javad Salimi; Jafar Babajani
Abstract
One of the essential needs for Iranian financial market participants (including money market and capital market participants) is rating them based on their financial strength rating. This rating help stakeholders, including shareholders, investors, customers, central bank and etc., to obtain more accurate ...
Read More
One of the essential needs for Iranian financial market participants (including money market and capital market participants) is rating them based on their financial strength rating. This rating help stakeholders, including shareholders, investors, customers, central bank and etc., to obtain more accurate information regarding inherent safety and soundness of Iranian banks. So the aim of this study is rating Iranian banks, based on financial strength, certainly whose listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange (TSE) and Iran OTC market. All under studied banks were separated into two groups of privatized and non-governmental banks. The period of the research is 5 years from 2012 to 2016. For this purpose, first a financial strength score was determined for each of the banks by using a reflective component-based model which is constructed from 4 dimensions, 8 factors and 51 indicators, Then the banks was ranked based on their financial strength scores in two separate groups of privatized and non-governmental banks. The results show that privatized banks compared with non-governmental banks have higher financial strength scores. In the group of privatized banks, Bank Mellat had the highest score and hence the highest rank in terms of financial strength. In the group of non-governmental banks, Bank Pasargad, Parsian Bank and EN bank, respectively had the highest scored and hence the highest ranks in terms of financial strength.
Abstract
Auditing quality has special importance for financial statement’s users, managers and auditors. The aim of this study is modeling the relationship among auditing quality factors and investigating the effect of mutual relationship among its related variables. For this purpose, 101 firms listed in ...
Read More
Auditing quality has special importance for financial statement’s users, managers and auditors. The aim of this study is modeling the relationship among auditing quality factors and investigating the effect of mutual relationship among its related variables. For this purpose, 101 firms listed in Tehran Stock Exchange (TSE) were selected for a period of 11 years (2004-2015). Research method is based on the cause and effect model in the system dynamics. Data collected via using financial statements and Rahavard Novin version 3 software. Test of normality, unit root test, correlation, and hypothesis testing (multiple regression, partial regression, ARCH functions as required) were applied by SPSS version 23 and Eviews version 9. Results showed that “Respect of Standards and Professional Performance”, “Audit Fees”, “Auditor’s Size”, “Auditor’s Reputation”, “Number of Matter Paragraphs in Auditing Report”, “Percentage of Discovered and Reported Distortions”, “Audit Opinion”, “Delay in the Audit Report”, “Auditor’s Tenure”, “Auditor's Expertise and Industry Knowledge” will have mutual effects on each other.
Hamid Haghighat
Abstract
Abstract declaration of Accounting profit Or any of the published information, if it is properly be published between capital investors, to a large extent reduce the information asymmetry. In this paper, the relationship between Relative earnings performance and discretionary accruals firms were studied ...
Read More
Abstract declaration of Accounting profit Or any of the published information, if it is properly be published between capital investors, to a large extent reduce the information asymmetry. In this paper, the relationship between Relative earnings performance and discretionary accruals firms were studied in Tehran Stock Exchange.The aim of this study was to evaluate The effect of firm-industry earnings correlation and announcement timing on firms’ accrual decisions used by the management of the company. The study period from 1387 to 1392 included 108 companies. The results showed a negative significant relationship between discretionary accruals and the relative performance of the company's earnings. Also, the results showed that those companies that their earnings had high correlation with industry earnings and had a low relative performance possess stronger relationship between discretionary accruals and the relative performance earnings. But the delay in the announcement of the company's profits is not a factor in the identification of the possible adjusted discretionary accruals in order to manage earnings.
hassan zalaghi; Amin Amir Bakhtiarvand; saied Ebrahimzadeh
Abstract
In this study, the effect of audit quality on the forecasting accuracy of future operating cash flows among between firms listed in the Tehran Stock Exchange has been investigated. Audit quality has been measured with auditor size, auditor industry specialization and auditor tenure.Similar to some previous ...
Read More
In this study, the effect of audit quality on the forecasting accuracy of future operating cash flows among between firms listed in the Tehran Stock Exchange has been investigated. Audit quality has been measured with auditor size, auditor industry specialization and auditor tenure.Similar to some previous researches done in this outline, forecasting accuracy of future operating cash flows have been estimated with using model Barth et al (2001). The results of review firms 97 in the years 2007 to 2014 show that size of audit firm and auditor industry specialization have significant positive relationship at the forecasting accuracy of future operating cash flows, so caused increase its .while there is a significant negative relationship between forecasting accuracy of future operating cash flows and auditor tenure. These findings suggest that audit quality can influence the quality of accounting information and therefore it is effected over forecasting accuracy of future operating cash flows.
bahman qaderi; gholamreza mansourfar; fatemeh daneshyar
Abstract
Political Hypotheses (Political Costs) and Financial Reporting Quality: Empirical Evidence from Tehran Stock Exchange Abstract Using structural equation modeling approach, this research aims to explore the effect of political costs on financial reporting quality. For this purpose, 66 publicly listed ...
Read More
Political Hypotheses (Political Costs) and Financial Reporting Quality: Empirical Evidence from Tehran Stock Exchange Abstract Using structural equation modeling approach, this research aims to explore the effect of political costs on financial reporting quality. For this purpose, 66 publicly listed firms from Tehran Stock Exchange for the period 2006 to 2014 are selected as final data set. As an independent variable, the observable variables such as capital intensity, concentrate rate, tax ratio, firm size, employee intensity and risk are used to proxy the political cost. In addition, quality of accruals, disclosure quality, earnings persistence and accuracy of financial information are used to measure financial reporting quality which is depend variable and growth opportunities and leverage are considered as control variables. The results indicate that political costs have a negative and meaningful effect on financial reporting quality. Keywords: Political Hypotheses, Political Costs, Financial Reporting Quality, Structural Equation Modeling Approach. Corresponding Author
Financial Accounting
Alireza Javadipour; jafar babajani; Ghasem blue; vajhollah ghorbanizadeh
Abstract
Due to the lack of comprehensive research in the country in order to provide a model to evaluate the performance of the audit committee, the present research has addressed this issue and a practical model for the use of the activities of the audit committee has been presented.Method: The research method ...
Read More
Due to the lack of comprehensive research in the country in order to provide a model to evaluate the performance of the audit committee, the present research has addressed this issue and a practical model for the use of the activities of the audit committee has been presented.Method: The research method used in the first stage of the research was extracting the dimensions, components and performance evaluation indicators of the audit committee from the theoretical sources of the research. Then, the fuzzy Delphi method was used to screen the indicators, and the best-worst (BWM) multi-criteria decision-making method was used to weight each dimension, component, and index.Findings: The model obtained in the current research includes 3 parts of evaluating the individual characteristics of the members of the audit committee, evaluating the work processes and reporting of the audit committee, and evaluating its duties and responsibilities, and the final model includes 3 dimensions, 13 components and 78indicator.Conclusion: According to the findings of the research, the important components in evaluating the performance of the audit committee are the audit committee meetings, the audit committee resources, communication with the board of directors, the audit committee charter, and monitoring of financial reporting. Also, the results showed that the working and reporting processes of the audit committee have the most weight in the evaluation of the audit committee's performance, and the evaluation of the audit committee meetings as the focus of the audit committee's activities is the most important among the evaluation components.
Accounting report
ehsan mohebi; jafar babajani; Mohammad Javad Salimi; mohammad taghi taghavi fard
Abstract
Regional Electric companies are organizations that pursue both social and financial goals in order to fulfill the assigned missions, so fulfilling the accountability due to their dual goals is of fundamental importance. In this research, by examining the information needs of the users of the financial ...
Read More
Regional Electric companies are organizations that pursue both social and financial goals in order to fulfill the assigned missions, so fulfilling the accountability due to their dual goals is of fundamental importance. In this research, by examining the information needs of the users of the financial reports, the effective factors in the financial reporting of the sector have been studied. The aim of this research is to present a model for the environmental conditions and characteristics of regional electric companies in Iran. For this purpose, the required data after library study and exploratory search in the theoretical foundations and financial and accounting rules and regulations governing the relations of these persons and using a questionnaire, collected and analyzed using the fuzzy Delphi research method and appropriate statistical tests. The evidence from the analysis of the views of the respondents shows that the influencing factors are in four dimensions, including the compatibility of the model in providing the achievement of the organization's goals, the needs of information users, compatibility with financial and accounting laws and regulations, and finally, budget control and credit status reporting. Experts also agree on the factors proposed by this research to design and explain the financial reporting model of regional power companies in Iran
Financial Accounting
Javad Shekarkhah; Mohammad javad Salimi; Seyed Soroush Ghazinoori; Ali Hedayati Bilondi
Abstract
Pension funds in Iran use defined benefit pension plan and their sustainability is important. However, the evaluation of their sustainability has always been criticized. Minimum reporting and simple accountability indicators do not meet the informational needs of stakeholders. Thus, the main issue is ...
Read More
Pension funds in Iran use defined benefit pension plan and their sustainability is important. However, the evaluation of their sustainability has always been criticized. Minimum reporting and simple accountability indicators do not meet the informational needs of stakeholders. Thus, the main issue is to identify the indicators and standards for comprehensive evaluation of financial sustainability. To address this issue, the theoretical foundations of sustainability evaluation of pension funds and the indicators applied by other countries and international organizations were examined. The indicators were presented to experts for receiving their opinions and in order to reach a consensus on key indicators a fuzzy Delphi method was applied. For ranking and developing a combined indicator, the final indicator was obtained using experts' opinions and the SWARA method. 27 indicators in four dimensions were extracted from the theoretical foundations: equity, adequacy, financial, and innovation. According to the results of the fuzzy Delphi method, 15 key indicators were confirmed finally. Among the key indicators, the support ratio obtained the first rank, while the replacement rate and penetration coefficient obtained the second and third ranks, respectively. The results of the SWARA method confirmed the combined indicator consisting of equity dimension (1 sub-indicator), adequacy dimension (3 sub-indicators), and financial dimension (11 sub-indicators). The weight of equity, adequacy and financial in the combined indicator is equal to 6%, 21%, and 73%, respectively. The support ratio, present value of Assets to Liabilities Ratio, and actuary analysis obtained ranks 1 to 3. the financial dimension has the highest importance,
Accounting and various aspects of finance
Amir Moradi; hamideh asnaashari; Mohammad Hossein rohban; Mohammad Arabmazar Yazdi; MohammadHosien SafarZade
Abstract
Design Science Research Methodology (DSRM) is a solution-oriented approach for conducting research that transcends mere understanding of existing situations, aiming to generate innovative and novel artifacts to realize desired outcomes. Despite its widespread use in other technical ...
Read More
Design Science Research Methodology (DSRM) is a solution-oriented approach for conducting research that transcends mere understanding of existing situations, aiming to generate innovative and novel artifacts to realize desired outcomes. Despite its widespread use in other technical and managerial domains, and more than two decades since the first exploration of DSRM in accounting literature, its true potential went largely unrecognized until the past five years, when it gained unprecedented recognition from accounting researchers.In this pioneering research, we analyze trends, identify influential figures, and map the intellectual and conceptual landscape of accounting research related to DSRM. Utilizing co-word analysis, co-authorship techniques, as well as scientific mapping and word cloud visualization, we scrutinize 51 articles from journals indexed in the most recent Australian Business Deans Council (ABDC) list from 2023.Our findings reveal that more than half of the research output is concentrated in the four-year period spanning from 2020 to 2023, signaling a growing interest among accounting researchers in this methodology. The dominant subject areas in design science articles are audit and control, coupled with the integration of emerging technologies and data analytics techniques.
Financial Accounting
Mehdi Dasti; Mohammad Firouzian Nezhad; Ali Mahmoodi
Abstract
The purpose of this study is Evaluating the reduction of the government's financial burden through the typology of drivers affecting generational accounting in the capital market by action research. In terms of methodology, this study has used Colaizzi's model (1978) to implement action research steps. ...
Read More
The purpose of this study is Evaluating the reduction of the government's financial burden through the typology of drivers affecting generational accounting in the capital market by action research. In terms of methodology, this study has used Colaizzi's model (1978) to implement action research steps. Therefore, based on this model, first, through interviews with experts and open coding, an effort was made to identify n Effective drivers on the implementation of generational accounting in capital market companies. Then, in order to validate the propositions, a critical evaluation was done to compare the propositions with similar researches, so that the propositions can enter the stage of forming a focus group to discuss and exchange opinions for the cognitive separation of each proposition in the form of a category. Then, through Q evaluation checklist, each statement was scored between +4 and -4, and finally, a 4-level matrix was created with the aim of creating a foundation of effective drivers in the implementation of generational accounting with the aim of reducing the government's financial burden on future generations. The results showed that a total of 22 propositions were identified from a total of 12 interviews and 217 open codes created. On the other hand, it was determined in the quantitative section, 22 criteria identified in 4 categories were the creators of the generational accounting typology framework of capital market companies.
Accounting report
Fatemeh Asnad; Hossein Fakhari
Abstract
Nowadays, the importance of water and the management of its resources are among the most controversial issues at the global level due to climate change. This issue is especially important in Iran, which suffers from continuous drought. Therefore, the aim of the current research is to explain the determinants ...
Read More
Nowadays, the importance of water and the management of its resources are among the most controversial issues at the global level due to climate change. This issue is especially important in Iran, which suffers from continuous drought. Therefore, the aim of the current research is to explain the determinants affecting water reporting in the listed companies at the Tehran Stock Exchange. For this purpose, by using the data of 102 companies during the years 2012 to 2021 which were selected by elimination method, the determinants affecting the disclosure of water reporting were determined and analyzed by stepwise regression and multiple regression method. The results of this research showed that the highest amount of disclosure related to water belonged to chemical and oil industry companies, also in the investigation of the determinants affecting water reporting, it was found that the determinants of firm age, board size, financial expertise of the audit committee, concentration of ownership, institutional ownership, return on assets, average annual rainfall, reputation, regulation and sensitivity of the industry to water had an impact on corporate water reporting. These findings can be useful for planning and controlling water management, as well as for investors to know the drivers of corporate disclosure in forming their optimal portfolio.
Accounting tools
Zahra Jafari; Rahim Bonabi Ghadim; Rasoul Abdi
Abstract
The purpose of this research is evaluation of effective criteria on the desirability of financial stability integration based on the comparison of metaheuristic algorithms banks listed in Tehran Stock Exchange. This study is considered to be a combined and applied methodology. In this way, firstly, through ...
Read More
The purpose of this research is evaluation of effective criteria on the desirability of financial stability integration based on the comparison of metaheuristic algorithms banks listed in Tehran Stock Exchange. This study is considered to be a combined and applied methodology. In this way, firstly, through the systematic content screening process, the effective criteria on the desirability of financial stability integration are used to evaluate banks listed in Tehran Stock Exchange. Then, relying on the two algorithms of Particle Swarm Optimization and Gray Wolf and extracting data related to the criteria identified between 2017 and 2018 effort is made to determine the optimal point of desirability of financial stability integration of banks listed in Tehran Stock Exchange. In this process, according to the expansion of the mathematical equations of each Metaheuristic Algorithms and the command codes of the MATLAB software, necessary action is taken to answer the research questions. The results of the study showed that both innovative algorithms used in this study have the necessary capability to determine the desirability of the financial stability of banks listed in Tehran Stock Exchange. But based on the Wilcoxon Signed-Rank Test coefficients, the gray wolf algorithm is more accurate than the particle swarm optimization algorithm for predicting the function of the identified criteria in determining the desirability of financial stability of banks listed in Tehran Stock Exchange.
Financial audit
اکرم afsay
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to examine the relationship between financial expertise and the experience of the audit committee chairman with auditor selection, audit fees and audit quality. In order to achieve the goal of the research, a sample equal to 99 companies admitted to the Tehran Stock Exchange ...
Read More
The purpose of this study is to examine the relationship between financial expertise and the experience of the audit committee chairman with auditor selection, audit fees and audit quality. In order to achieve the goal of the research, a sample equal to 99 companies admitted to the Tehran Stock Exchange during the period from 2015 to 2023, equivalent to 792 company-years, was analyzed using multiple regression analysis based on combined data. The findings showed that the companies whose heads of the audit committee have financial expertise are more likely to choose the audit organization and audit institutions with quality control A as their independent auditors. Also, according to the findings, the financial expertise of audit committee heads leads to an increase in audit fees and audit quality. However, this study did not identify a significant relationship between the audit committee chairman's experience with auditor selection and audit fees, but a positive and significant relationship between the audit committee chairman's experience on audit quality was identified. The findings of this study contribute to the literature by documenting that financial expertise and experience of audit committee heads are important for improving the audit process and audit quality.
Financial Accounting
Azam Valizadeh Larijani; Farzaneh Yousefi Asl; Fatemeh Shirzadi; Niloofar Zamani
Abstract
One of the reports that companies are required to publish at the discretion of the Securities and Exchange Organization is the management interpretive report. Therefore, in this research, the relation between the presentation of management interpretative reports by companies and earnings management has ...
Read More
One of the reports that companies are required to publish at the discretion of the Securities and Exchange Organization is the management interpretive report. Therefore, in this research, the relation between the presentation of management interpretative reports by companies and earnings management has been investigated. Also, considering the importance of the role of women in improving the financial reporting of companies, the effect of the presence of women in the board of directors on the aforementioned relation has been investigated. The statistical population of this research is the companies listed in the Tehran Stock Exchange and the Iranian Fara burse during the years 2011 to 2022. The hypotheses of this research have been tested using linear regression. The results of the research showed that the provision of interpretative management reports by companies has reduced earnings management. Also, the decrease in earnings management is more among companies that have used the presence of women among their board members.
Accounting and various aspects of finance
gharibe esmailikia; Mahdis Naseri; Amin Ghanbari
Abstract
In the present world a company’s profile is not substantiated purely in relation to financial issues, rather, a need for the inclusion of environmental and social perspectives arises. According to this, there is a rapidly growing level of awareness of social and environmental activities, and this ...
Read More
In the present world a company’s profile is not substantiated purely in relation to financial issues, rather, a need for the inclusion of environmental and social perspectives arises. According to this, there is a rapidly growing level of awareness of social and environmental activities, and this view has been considered in recent years under the title of sustainability performance. According to the concepts of the contingency theory, the implementation of the sustainability approach can be significantly different depending on the different conditions of the organization. This theory has brought many consequences in management decision-making in an organization, management decisions themselves are affected by their characteristics.The purpose of this research is to investigate the moderating role of managers' behavioral dimensions on the relationship between contingent factors and non-financial sustainability performance. Nine research hypotheses were tested and analyzed using the information of 142 firms admitted to the Tehran Stock Exchange in the period from 2013 to 2022 (including 1420 firm-year observations) and using regression. The results indicated a positive and significant effect of firm size on non-financial sustainability performance and a negative and significant effect of environmental complexity and uncertainty on non-financial sustainability performance. No significant relationship was documented between board independence and non-financial sustainability performance. Management optimism strengthens the relationship between firm size and non-financial sustainability performance, In addition,
Accounting and various aspects of finance
Mohammad Amri-Asrami; Seyed Kazem Ebrahimi; Hossein Amini
Abstract
Compliance with social and environmental responsibilities is one of the requirements of the current competitive era, and the competitiveness pressure of companies in this situation imposes costs on companies that can affect the company's financial performance. In this research, the moderating role of ...
Read More
Compliance with social and environmental responsibilities is one of the requirements of the current competitive era, and the competitiveness pressure of companies in this situation imposes costs on companies that can affect the company's financial performance. In this research, the moderating role of competitive strength in the relation between social and environmental responsibilities with financial performance has been investigated. The statistical sample of this research is the companies listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange between 2016 and 2021. By regular screening method, 108 companies have been selected as samples. After checking the classical assumptions of regression, the panel data model with fixed effects has been used. The results showed that social performance has a positive relation with financial performance. The competition strength has a negative moderating role in the relation between social performance with financial performance. Environmental performance has a positive relation with financial performance, and the competition strength has a negative moderating role in this relation. According to the coefficients of variables, the social dimension of the company is more effective in increasing performance than the environmental dimension.
