Mohammad Ali Sari; Hosein Etemadi; Sahar Sepasi
Volume 14, Issue 54 , July 2017, , Pages 6-24
Abstract
In this study the relationship between tax avoidance and tax risk was investigated by measuring tax risk based on uncertainty approach using data collected from 114 companies during the years 2009 to 2015. For this purpose, the lower effective tax rate (ETR) and non-steady tax situation over time is ...
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In this study the relationship between tax avoidance and tax risk was investigated by measuring tax risk based on uncertainty approach using data collected from 114 companies during the years 2009 to 2015. For this purpose, the lower effective tax rate (ETR) and non-steady tax situation over time is considered as tax avoidance and tax risk, respectively. The results show that a significant negative relationship exists between the effective tax rate and tax risk. It means that companies with lower ETR cannot continuously preserve their low level of taxes, and therefore their tax risk would be high. Hence, the policy of decrease in taxes due to its uncertainty is risky tax avoidance. This finding provides new evidence about the impact of tax policy on the overall company performance. The results also show that income fluctuation increases tax risk and tax risk of small companies is higher than the big ones. Moreover, the financial leverage can reduce tax risk due to consequential regulatory mechanisms. It is noteworthy to mention that the findings of this study can be used in risk assessment of the corporate tax policies.
Reza Hesarzadeh; Hossein Etemadi; Adel Azar; Ali Rahmani
Abstract
According to the information perspectives of accounting, the main function of accounting is to provide information and to reduce uncertainty. Therefore, accounting capacity of reducing uncertainty determines the accounting quality (AQ) and so, we are attempting to find the best combinations ...
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According to the information perspectives of accounting, the main function of accounting is to provide information and to reduce uncertainty. Therefore, accounting capacity of reducing uncertainty determines the accounting quality (AQ) and so, we are attempting to find the best combinations of AQ Proxies whose trading off can reduce uncertainty. The purpose of this paper is to explore how AQ Proxies could reduce uncertainty. Tree analysis (structures of if and then) is employed since this analysis could empirically address boththe trade-off of Proxies and the importance of each measure in reducing uncertainty. Also, traditional statistics tests are employed. The Decision Tree analysis creates a tree-based classification model. Our findings suggest that there are at least three interaction paths through which accounting quality Proxies could reduce uncertainty. In contrast to previous researches which have found it difficult to investigate the trade-offs of AQ Proxies; this paper shows that it is possible to address it and in this way, it could prepare a number ofrules of thumb to reduce uncertainty through AQ Proxies. These findings have different implications for policy makers, audit committees, and investors.
Mohammad Ali Bagherpour Velashani; Hossein Etemadi; Mahdi Omidfar
Abstract
The purpose of this research is to examine the relationship between thecorporate governance characteristics and accounting restatements due torapid growth of restatements in the world as well as the Iranian capitalmarket. Researchers believe that restatement is a sign of low quality offinancial reporting ...
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The purpose of this research is to examine the relationship between thecorporate governance characteristics and accounting restatements due torapid growth of restatements in the world as well as the Iranian capitalmarket. Researchers believe that restatement is a sign of low quality offinancial reporting by the companies. For doing so, similar to prior studiesand by consideration of the Iranian context a set of different corporategovernance characteristics including power of CEO, CEO changes, blockholders, largest shareholder, auditor type, auditor industry specialization,auditor changes, and finally capital structure are considered. In addition, tocontrol the possible effects of other factors, which could potentially affectfirms'''' restatement decisions, 10 new variables were added to the model.These control variables include return on assets, sales growth, operating cashflow, liquidity ratio, prior year performance, equity financing, debtfinancing, firm size, year, and industry type. The final research sampleincludes 999 observations of the Tehran Stock Exchange (TSE) listedcompanies for the period 2004-2009. The results indicate that CEO changes,auditor changes, auditor industry specialization, auditor size and largestshareholder as well as some financial characteristics such as operating cashflows ratio, liquidity ratio, and firm size are associated with the restatementsof the accounting income. Therefore, the findings support the hypothesis thatcorporate governance mechanisms can improve the quality of financialreporting.
Hossein Etemadi; Ali Asghar Anvari rostami; Vahid Ahmadian
Volume 11, Issue 41 , April 2014, , Pages 59-81
Abstract
Abstract: The main objective of this study is to investigate the effect of the life cycle of the company's on dividend policy of the company which is accepted on the Tehran Stock Exchange. In this study, the ratio of dividends to the earnings per share and dividends to the company size are considered ...
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Abstract: The main objective of this study is to investigate the effect of the life cycle of the company's on dividend policy of the company which is accepted on the Tehran Stock Exchange. In this study, the ratio of dividends to the earnings per share and dividends to the company size are considered as the dependent variables and life cycle of the company is considered as independent variable. At first a statistical sample is separated by using variables, sales growth, age, and capital expenditure of the company's growth, maturity and decline then hypotheses of the study have been tested by using ANOVA and LSD tests. Analyses of 435 years - the company during the years 1386 to 1390 show that the company's dividend policy at different stages of the life cycle (growth, maturity and decline) differ. The results indicate that the average ratio of dividends to market value of equity of the sample firm's growth, maturity and decline vary. Accordingly, it is recommended to financial analysts to concern life cycle as a key factor when evaluating the current and future performance and financial structure of the company. for doing accurate analysis of financial condition and anticipated interest payments decisions, it is better to determine the company's life cycle.
H etemadi; H farzani; A rahmani
Volume 9, Issue 36 , January 2012, , Pages 23-51
Abstract
Choosing between debt financing and capital financing influenced by internal and external factors impacting companies' capital structure. The main goal of determining capital structure is to recognize the combination of financial resources to maximize stockholders' wealth. Because of the qualitative ...
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Choosing between debt financing and capital financing influenced by internal and external factors impacting companies' capital structure. The main goal of determining capital structure is to recognize the combination of financial resources to maximize stockholders' wealth. Because of the qualitative aspects of capital formation in high-tech companies, there has been huge investments in these companies which doesn’t seem to be a rational behavior in the investment community; Therefore it seems necessary to compare high-tech and traditional company’s capital structure. In this paper, in order to investigate the capital structure of high-tech and traditional companies and also comparing linear and non-linear models, companies are divided into two groups, high-tech and traditional companies. We collected year-company data of 378 companies during 2004- 2009 for the analysis using multiple regression and artificial neural network. The findings of this study indicate that liability ratio and financial leverage decisions in two above mentioned companies are different. The capital structure criterion in both industries has significantly different and non-linear models of capital structure in comparison with linear ones are more powerful in prediction
Hossein Etemadi; Banani Mahdi
Volume 5, Issue 19 , October 2007, , Pages 73-91
Abstract
One aim of investors in the purchasing of company stocks is using from the dividends. Investors enjoy from the cash flow and want to receive assure for particular amounts in the determine time, on the other hand, dividends payout can indicate the financial healthy and suitable condition of company for ...
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One aim of investors in the purchasing of company stocks is using from the dividends. Investors enjoy from the cash flow and want to receive assure for particular amounts in the determine time, on the other hand, dividends payout can indicate the financial healthy and suitable condition of company for investors. So companies can use this weapon in their sharing price and also guiding the investors. The aim of this research is the consideration of the payment dividends balance dependent with the company operation of two assessment equivalent including the economic value added and return on assets. In order to consider the subject of 88 companies select that was necessary to account the research variables and the suitable statistic testing perform like the correlation tests, This research results is that the dividends has weak cohesion with economic value added and it has no cohesion relation with return on assets.
Therefore, we can conclude that payment or nonpayment of dividends cannot indicate the suitable or unsuitable operation of company and increasing or decreasing of dividends also should not be indicate for fairness or unfairness investment in the company ,so utilization of dividends don't recommend to take the investment and credit decisions by investors and creditors.
Hossein Etemadi; Hassan Jabari
Volume 5, Issue 18 , July 2007, , Pages 105-122
Abstract
This study investigates the effects of differential accountability pressure strength on auditors’ materiality judgment. We evaluate whether incremental levels of accountability (i.e., review, justification, ...
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This study investigates the effects of differential accountability pressure strength on auditors’ materiality judgment. We evaluate whether incremental levels of accountability (i.e., review, justification, feedback) increase judgment conservatism, decreases variability, and increase effort. Eighty four auditors participated in a between -subjects experiment that included a planning materiality task. As predicted, auditors under higher levels of accountability pressure (i.e., justification, feedback) provided more conservatism materiality judgment and had less judgment variability than auditors under lower levels of pressure (i.e., review, anonymity). The results also indicate that accountability strength was positively related to the amount of time spent on the task and explanation length. We consider implications for research, practice, and policy in the context of the studies limitations.
