Document Type : Research Paper
Authors
Abstract
According to the information perspectives of accounting, the main function of accounting is to provide information and to reduce uncertainty. Therefore, accounting capacity of reducing uncertainty determines the accounting quality (AQ) and so, we are attempting to find the best combinations of AQ Proxies whose trading off can reduce uncertainty. The purpose of this paper is to explore how AQ Proxies could reduce uncertainty. Tree analysis (structures of if and then) is employed since this analysis could empirically address both
the trade-off of Proxies and the importance of each measure in reducing uncertainty. Also, traditional statistics tests are employed. The Decision Tree analysis creates a tree-based classification model. Our findings suggest that there are at least three interaction paths through which accounting quality Proxies could reduce uncertainty. In contrast to previous researches which have found it difficult to investigate the trade-offs of AQ Proxies; this paper shows that it is possible to address it and in this way, it could prepare a number of
rules of thumb to reduce uncertainty through AQ Proxies. These findings have different implications for policy makers, audit committees, and investors.
Keywords
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ظریف، احمد؛ ناظمی، امین ( 1383 ) "بررسی نقش سود حسابداری و جریانهای نقدی در سنجش عملکرد شرکت های پذیرفته شد ه د ر بورس اورا ق بهادا ر تهران" فصلنامه
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عرب مازار یزدی، محمد؛ صفرزاده، محمد حسین ( 1386 ) "تفکیک سو د و پیش بینی ، جریان های نقدی عملیاتی آتی"، بررسی های حسابداری و حسابرسی، شماره 49
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initiative in the UK’s National Health Service,Critical Perspectives
on Accounting , 19, 40–78.
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accounting information, organizational complexity and corporate
governance systems, Journal of Accounting and Economics 37, 167–201.
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information content perspective. Irwin: McGraw-Hill.
Dechow, P., Ge, W., & Schrand, C. (2010). Understanding earnings
quality: Are view of the proxies, their determinants and their
consequences. Journal of Accounting and Economics , 345.
DeFond, M. L. (2010). Earnings quality research: Advances,
challenges and future research. Journal of Accounting and
Economics , 402–409.
Fan, Q., & Zhang, X. j. (2012). Accounting Conservatism,
Aggregation, and Information Quality. Jornal of Accounting
Research , 1-33.
Francis, J., LaFond, R., Olsson, P., Schipper, K., (2004). Costs of
equity and earnings attributes. The Accounting Review 79, 967– 1010.
Francis, J., Olsson, P., & Schipper, K. (2006) Earnings Quality,Hanover: now Publishers Inc.
Givoly, D., Hayn, C. K., & Katz, S. P. (2010). Does Public Ownership
of Equity Improve Earnings Quality? The Accounting Review Vol.
85, No. 1 , 195–225.
IASB (2008). Exposure Draft on an improved Conceptual Framework
for Financial Reporting: The Objective of Financial Reporting and
Qualitative Characteristics of Decision-useful Financial Reporting
Information. London, 1-64.
IASB (2010). The Conceptual Framework for Financial Reporting. A21-A51.
IVSC (2010). Discussion Paper Valuation Uncertainty. London, 1-12.
Jiang, G., Lee, C., & Zhang, Y. (2005). Information Uncertainty and
Expected Returns. Review of Accounting Studies , 187.
Kalbach, J. (2009). On Uncertainty in Information Architecture.
journal of information architecture , 1, 48-56.
طراحی مدل کمینه سازی عدم اطمینان ... 127
Klir, G. J., & Smith, R. M. (2001). On measuring uncertainty and
uncertainty-based information: Recent developments. Annals of
Mathematics and Artificial Intelligence , 32, 5–33.
Klir, G. J. (2006) uncertainty and information: foundations of
generalized information theory. New Jersey: John Wiley & Sons.
Klobas, J. E. (1995). Beyond information quality: fitness for purpose
and electronic information resource use. Journal of Information
Science , 21, 95-114.
Liang, P. J., Zhang, X. J. (2006) Accounting treatment of inherent
versus incentive uncertainties and the capital structure of the firm.
Journal of Accounting Research, 44, 145-176. Lo, K., 2008. Earnings management and earnings quality. Journal of
Accounting and Economics 45, 350–357. Masintosh, N. (2004). A comment on “Recovering Accounting”.
Critical Perspectives on Accounting 15 (2004) 529–541. Melnikova, E. V. & Melnikov, O. A. (2011). Scientific
Comprehension of the Nature of Information. Scientific and Technical Information Processing , 38, 99–104.
Sokolov, A. V. (2010) Information: Concept, Categories, and Ambivalent Nature.Philosophical Essays. Scientific and Technical
Information Processing , 37 (2), 102–114.
Tucker, J., Zarowin, Paul A. Accounting Review. Jan 2006, Vol. 81Issue 1, 251-270
Information and the Pricing of Information Asymmetry. The
Accounting Review , 87, 35–58.
Beaver, W. (1996) "Directions in Accounting Research: NEAR and
FAR", Accounting Horizons, 113-124.
Beaver, W. H. (2002). Perspectives on Recent Capital Market
Research. The Accounting Review , 77, 453-474.
Bhattacharya, U., Daouk, H., Welker, M., (2003). The world price of
earnings opacity, The Accounting Review 78, 641–678.
Bhattacharya, N., Ecker, F., Olsson, P., Schipper, K. (2012). Direct
and mediated associations among earnings quality, information
asymmetry, and the cost of equity. The Accounting Review 87. 449-
482.
Biddle, G. C., & Hilary, G. (2006) Accounting Quality and Firm126 1395
Level Capital Investment, The Accounting Review, 81, 963–982.
Boulton, T. J., Smart, S. B., & Zutter, C. J. (2011). Earnings Quality
and International IPO Underpricing. The Accounting Review , 86, 201-230 .
Broadbent, J., Gill, J., & Laughlin, R. (2008). Identifying and
controlling risk: The problem of uncertainty in the private finance
initiative in the UK’s National Health Service,Critical Perspectives
on Accounting , 19, 40–78.
Bushman, R., Chen, Q., Engel, E., Smith, A., (2004). Financial
accounting information, organizational complexity and corporate
governance systems, Journal of Accounting and Economics 37, 167–201.
Christensen, J. and frimor, H., (2007), "Fair value, accounting
aggregation and multiple sources of information", In R. Antle, P. J.
Liang and F. Gjesdal (eds.), Essays on Accounting Theory in
Honour of Joel S. Demski, PP. 1-15 Kluwer. Christensen, J. A., & Demski, J. S. (2003). Accounting theory, an
information content perspective. Irwin: McGraw-Hill.
Dechow, P., Ge, W., & Schrand, C. (2010). Understanding earnings
quality: Are view of the proxies, their determinants and their
consequences. Journal of Accounting and Economics , 345.
DeFond, M. L. (2010). Earnings quality research: Advances,
challenges and future research. Journal of Accounting and
Economics , 402–409.
Fan, Q., & Zhang, X. j. (2012). Accounting Conservatism,
Aggregation, and Information Quality. Jornal of Accounting
Research , 1-33.
Francis, J., LaFond, R., Olsson, P., Schipper, K., (2004). Costs of
equity and earnings attributes. The Accounting Review 79, 967– 1010.
Francis, J., Olsson, P., & Schipper, K. (2006) Earnings Quality,Hanover: now Publishers Inc.
Givoly, D., Hayn, C. K., & Katz, S. P. (2010). Does Public Ownership
of Equity Improve Earnings Quality? The Accounting Review Vol.
85, No. 1 , 195–225.
IASB (2008). Exposure Draft on an improved Conceptual Framework
for Financial Reporting: The Objective of Financial Reporting and
Qualitative Characteristics of Decision-useful Financial Reporting
Information. London, 1-64.
IASB (2010). The Conceptual Framework for Financial Reporting. A21-A51.
IVSC (2010). Discussion Paper Valuation Uncertainty. London, 1-12.
Jiang, G., Lee, C., & Zhang, Y. (2005). Information Uncertainty and
Expected Returns. Review of Accounting Studies , 187.
Kalbach, J. (2009). On Uncertainty in Information Architecture.
journal of information architecture , 1, 48-56.
طراحی مدل کمینه سازی عدم اطمینان ... 127
Klir, G. J., & Smith, R. M. (2001). On measuring uncertainty and
uncertainty-based information: Recent developments. Annals of
Mathematics and Artificial Intelligence , 32, 5–33.
Klir, G. J. (2006) uncertainty and information: foundations of
generalized information theory. New Jersey: John Wiley & Sons.
Klobas, J. E. (1995). Beyond information quality: fitness for purpose
and electronic information resource use. Journal of Information
Science , 21, 95-114.
Liang, P. J., Zhang, X. J. (2006) Accounting treatment of inherent
versus incentive uncertainties and the capital structure of the firm.
Journal of Accounting Research, 44, 145-176. Lo, K., 2008. Earnings management and earnings quality. Journal of
Accounting and Economics 45, 350–357. Masintosh, N. (2004). A comment on “Recovering Accounting”.
Critical Perspectives on Accounting 15 (2004) 529–541. Melnikova, E. V. & Melnikov, O. A. (2011). Scientific
Comprehension of the Nature of Information. Scientific and Technical Information Processing , 38, 99–104.
Sokolov, A. V. (2010) Information: Concept, Categories, and Ambivalent Nature.Philosophical Essays. Scientific and Technical
Information Processing , 37 (2), 102–114.
Tucker, J., Zarowin, Paul A. Accounting Review. Jan 2006, Vol. 81Issue 1, 251-270
)