Empirical Studies in Financial Accounting

Abstract In this study the effect of "Financial Leverage (FL) on Earning Response Coefficient (ERC)" for accepted members of Tehran Stock Exchange is considered. The purpose is to find out whether or not the investors, analysts, etc. consider the capital structure and leverages of the firms when reacting to the good and bad news caused by revealing the accounting in formation. Financial   Leverage   measurement   approaches   are   of   two divisions as follows: I)  Income Statement 2) Balance sheet In this research balance sheet approach i s used. In this approach, two definitions have been considered for leverage. I)  Debit/ assets Ratio 2) Debit I equity Ratio Both definitions are used here. Studying the only research hypotheses  using   the  regression   analysis  during  2000-20004 indicates  that  in  the  first  leverage  definition  there  is  a  reverse relationship between  FL & ERC in the whole sample and  in high leverage and  in  the second  definition  i n  high  leverage. However in the first definition in low leverage and i n the second one in the whole sample and in low leverage there's no considerable relationship between ERC and FL.  

Abstract In the view or market theoreticians, investors and other participants, attain more successful with appropriate valuation measures. This article tries to show and compare the effect and relevance between various market indicators and stock price predictions. For  this purposes,  market  indicators have been  categorized  in three groups of: structural  indicators, flow  of  fund  indicators and sentiment  indicators. Single  and  multiple  regression  was  used  to  test  the  research hypothesis   and   various   market   indicators. At   last   this  paper concludes that the price variation can be predicted with  indicators of   I )firm   size    2)earnings  per  share  grouch   3)market  breadth 4)free float rate and S)book value per share to price ratio. In other words, 53.5 % of stock price variations in Tehran stock exchange can be predicted with these four variables.

Abstract There are significant differences in disclosure of information among firms. Identification of factors affecting management in formation disclosure is a useful research area and wide variety of    users such as: market pol icy makers, investors and academicians could take advantage of the results. Earning forecast is important information that firms usually disclose. Corporate   governance improves   the   performance of companies and their quality of disclosure. This empirical  research  investigated  the relationship  between properties  of  management  earning  forecast,  with  two  important corporate governance mechanism; outside directors and institutional investors. Our sample is selected  from  listed companies in Tehran  Stock Exchange (TSE)  for  a  period  of  the  years  2003  to  2005.  The percentage of outside directors and firms aggregated common stock held by institutions are independent variables. Properties of management earnings forecasts are dependent variables. Forecast precision,  forecast  timeliness,  forecast  bias  and  the  number  of forecasts  that   is  revised  are  proxies  for  those  properties.  The control variables are: size of the firm, the firm's auditor. the  ratio of  market  to  book  value of  the  common  equity,  number of days between the  forecast date and  fiscal ending period date and good or bad news. We established hypotheses based on the above variables and tested them by using single and Multiple Regression Analysis and Mann-Whitney U. The result showed that; there is no significant relationship between two corporate governance mechanisms and proper ties of management earnings forecasts. The result as a whole doesn't discern any significant relationship between outside directors and in situational investors to precision, bias, timeliness of earning forecasts and revise on them.

Abstract In this research the function of the enforcement 272 clause of the  direct  taxes  law  by  the  CPAs  for  the  examination of the existing meaningful difference between the recognized income taxable by the officers of the fiscal affair organization and the recognized income taxable by the CPAs, has been evaluated. This subject has been examined by the abstract information from the fiscal files related to 462 companies which have been the taxpayer of the inland revenue, for the function of the years of 1 381 to 1383. The research hypothesis has been examined by the assumption of test concerning to average society. The  results  of  the  research  are  demonstrative  of  the  existing meaningful difference between  the recognized taxable income by the  officers  of  the  fiscal  affair  organization  and  the  recognized taxable  income by the CPAs. This is whereas the  results of  the  test  is  related  solely  to the companies   which   there   is   a   difference   between   the   taxable income   of   the  above-mentioned   groups   and   there  are   many companies  too,  which   their  recognized  taxable  income  by  the CPAs has been accepted by the fiscal affair organization.  

Abstract In this study the existence of abnormal return and its effective factors were examined. The results show that there is positive short term abnormal return during six month after the acceptance of sampled corporations in exchange. Among seven variable s; Size, Horizon, Coefficient of Variances, Stock Market Return one month  before the offering of stock , Audit Firm  and  Industry Type,  only  Size  (reversely)  and  Stock  Market  Return  (directly) had  a  relation  with  abnormal   return;  however,   multi  variable regression  analyses  demonstrated   that  al l  of  the  variables  can simultaneously justify just around 20% of abnormal return.  

Abstract This research seeks to find an answer to this quest ion ''how do some corporate governance practices affect earning management in Iran?" The investigated corporate governance principals in this research are: the percentage of institutional investors' ownership, the existence of non-executive directors  i n the board of  directors,  the  absence  (non-existence)  of  executive  directors as  the  chief   or   ......  of  board  of  directors,  the  existence  or internal auditors. In   this research Jones modified   model   has been used   to determine earning management which is measured by discretionary accruals.  For this purpose, the data of   l77 firms during the years 1382 to 1384 have been used. The results of this research show that   when the percentage of institutional investors' ownership in firms is more than 45%,the earning management decreases.  Moreover the results show that there  is no meaningful correlation  between  the  existence  of  non-executive  directors  in the board  of  directors, the  absence (non-existence)  of  executive directors as the chief or  ...... of  board  of d i rectors, the existence of internal auditors and earning management.

Abstract The most investigation of earnings Management literature are about why and how earnings management are done and what the results of this behavior i s. But there have been very few researches on the ways to controlling this. This research pays attention to more and more complete disclosure as an approach for reducing earnings management. In this research, disclosure quality is prepared and measured, using a check list containing 235 mandatory disclosure items (as Iranian accounting standards). Earnings management is also measured, using modified Jones Model, on discretionary accruals, and are finally used for testing the hypothesis. Hypothesis are tested as cross- sectional for the years 1382 to 1384 and accumulated. The  results  in  year  to  year  investigations  only  for  the  year 1384 show  statistically  significant  negative relationship between disclosure  quality  and  earnings  management.  And in total of three years, investigations show no significant relationship.